BibTeX bibliography for'n'by Peter Neuhaus

This is a BibTeX bibliography which is enhanced by a few HTML tags to make papers on-line accessible through the web. Some postcript files, organized by first author, are available from this host.

% Preamble

@Preamble{"\newcommand{\SortNoop}[1]{}"}

% Strings

@String{hdr =    "Proc.\ of"}

@String{anlp =   "ANLP-"}

@String{aaai =   "AAAI-"}

@String{acl =    "ACL-"}

@String{coling = "COLING-"}

@String{cogsci = "CogSci-"}

@String{eacl =   "EACL-"}

@String{ecai =   "ECAI-"}

@String{ecoop =  "ECOOP-"}

@String{flairs = "FLAIRS-"}

@String{ijcai =  "IJCAI-"}

@String{iwpt =   "IWPT-"}

@String{nemlap = "NeMLaP-"}

@String{oopsla = "OOPSLA-"}

@String{tag =    "TAG+"}

@String{twlt =   "TWLT"}

% Entries



@Misc{AAAAAAAAAAAAA_this_is_a_dummy,
  author =       "Nobody",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{abney+cole86,
  author =       "Steven Abney and Jennifer Cole",
  title =        "A government-binding parser",
  crossref =     "zzznels-86",
  pages =        "1--17",
  keywords =     "actor model, government-binding grammar, parser;",
}

@Misc{abney94,
  author =       "Steven Abney",
  title =        "Partial Parsing",
  year =         "1994",
  note =         "A tutorial presented at ANLP-94, Stuttgart, DE.
                 {\\}http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/\~{}abney",
  archive =      "{pn (partial.ps)}",
}

@InCollection{abney96,
  author =       "Steven Abney",
  title =        "Statistical Methods and Linguistics",
  booktitle =    "The Balancing Act",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1996",
  editor =       "Judith Klavans and Philip Resnik",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  archive =      "{pn
                 (Abney_95c.ps)}",
}

@Article{ades+steedman82,
  author =       "Anthony E. Ades and Makr J. Steedman",
  title =        "On the order of words",
  journal =      "Linguistics and Philosophy",
  year =         "1982",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "517--558",
  comment =      "CG",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{agha+hewitt87a,
  author =       "Gul Agha and Carl Hewitt",
  title =        "Concurrent programming using actors",
  crossref =     "zzyonezawa+tokoro87",
  pages =        "37--53",
  keywords =     "ACT, actor model, concurrent computation, formal
                 specification, open systems",
}

@InCollection{agha+hewitt87b,
  author =       "Gul Agha and Carl Hewitt",
  title =        "Actors: {A} conceptual foundation for concurrent
                 object-oriented programming",
  crossref =     "zzshriver+wegner87",
  pages =        "49--74",
  keywords =     "ACORE, actor language, actor model, concurrent
                 computation, distributed system, formal syntax,
                 inheritance, message passing",
  archive =      "sue, hahn",
}

@InProceedings{agha84,
  author =       "Gul Agha",
  title =        "Semantic considerations in the actor paradigm of
                 concurrent computation",
  year =         "1984",
  editor =       "S. D. Brookes and A. Roscoe and G. Vowinkel",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the NSF/SERC Seminar on Concurrency",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  address =      "Berlin, DE",
  pages =        "151--179",
}

@Article{agha86,
  author =       "Gul Agha",
  title =        "An Overview of Actor Languages",
  journal =      "SIGPLAN Notices",
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "10",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{agha86a,
  author =       "Gul Agha",
  title =        "Actors: {A} Model of Concurrent Computation in
                 Distributed Systems",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1986",
  series =       "Series in Artificial Intelligence",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  comment =      "actor model",
}

@InCollection{agha90,
  author =       "Gul Agha",
  title =        "The Structure and Semantics of Actor Languages",
  year =         "1990",
  editor =       "J. W. de Bakker and W.-P. de Roever and G. Rozenberg",
  booktitle =    "Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  address =      "Berlin, DE",
  pages =        "1--59",
}

@InProceedings{agha_etal92,
  author =       "G. Agha and I. Mason and S. Smith and C. Talcott",
  title =        "Towards a Theory of Actor Computation",
  editor =       "R. Cleaveland",
  number =       "630",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  pages =        "565--579",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 3{\/$^{rd}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on Concurrency
                 Theory",
  year =         "1992",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  shorttitle =   hdr # "CONCUR-92",
  archive =      "pn, {Semantics}",
}

@Article{agha_etal96,
  author =       "G. A. Agha and I. A. Mason and S. F. Smith and C. L.
                 Talcott",
  title =        "A Foundation for Actor Computation",
  journal =      "Journal of Functional Programming",
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "1--72",
  year =         "1997",
  archive =      "pn, {Semantics}",
}

@Book{aho_etal86,
  author =       "Alfred V. Aho and Ravi Sethi and Jeffrey D. Ullman",
  title =        "Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  year =         "1986",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
  keywords =     "automata theory, compiler",
  archive =      "IIG (PI 140-1a)",
}

@InProceedings{aiba_etal94,
  author =       "A. Aiba and K. Yokota and H. Tsuda",
  title =        "Heterogeneous Distributed Cooperative Problem Solving
                 System {HELIOS}",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the Int.\ Symposium on Fifth Generation
                 Computer Systems. Tokyo, JP, 13--16 Dec 1994",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{akasaka91,
  author =       "Kouji Akasaka",
  title =        "Parallel parsing system based on dependency grammar",
  booktitle =    "Natural Language Understanding and Logic Programming,
                 III; Proc.\ of the 3{\/$^{rd}$} Int.\ Workshop.
                 Stockholm, SE, 23--25 Jan 1991",
  shorttitle =   "Natural Language Understanding and Logic Programming,
                 III",
  publisher =    "North-Holland",
  year =         "1991",
  editor =       "C. G. Brown and G. Koch",
  pages =        "147--157",
  address =      "Amsterdam, NL",
  keywords =     "dependency grammar efficiency, parallel computer,
                 parallelism syntactic parsing",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{allen93,
  author =       "James F. Allen",
  title =        "Natural language, knowledge representation, and
                 logical form",
  booktitle =    "Challenges in Natural Language Processing",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  year =         "1993",
  editor =       "M. Bates and R. M. Weischedel",
  series =       "Studies in Natural Language Processing",
  pages =        "146--175",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  keywords =     "ambiguity, inference, knowledge representation,
                 knowledge representation language, logical form,
                 natural language understanding, reasoning, semantic
                 interpretation, semantics",
  comment =      "argumentiert f.d. Aufhebung d Trennung Semantik/WR und
                 fordert ambiguit{\"a}tsverwaltende, ausdrucksstarke
                 WR-Sprachen f semant. Interpretation",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@Article{altmann+steedman88,
  author =       "Gerry Altmann and Mark Steedman",
  title =        "Interaction with Context During Human Sentence
                 Processing",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  year =         "1988",
  volume =       "30",
  pages =        "191--238",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{altmann87,
  author =       "Gerry Altmann",
  title =        "Modularity and interaction in sentence processing",
  booktitle =    "Modularity in Knowledge Representation and
                 Natural-Language Understanding",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1987",
  editor =       "J. Garfield",
  pages =        "249--257",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  keywords =     "modularity, parsing, psycholinguistics, weakly
                 interactive model",
  archive =      "IIG, pn",
}

@Article{altmann88,
  author =       "Gerry Altmann",
  title =        "Ambiguity, Parsing Strategies, and Computational
                 Models",
  year =         "1988",
  journal =      "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "73--97",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{amano_etal89,
  author =       "Shin-Ya Amano and Hideki Hirakawa and Hiroyasu Nogami
                 and Akira Kumano",
  title =        "The {T}oshiba Machine Translation System",
  journal =      "Future Computing Systems",
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "227--246",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{america91,
  author =       "P. America",
  title =        "A Behavioural Approach to Subtyping in Object-oriented
                 Programming Languages",
  crossref =     "zzlenzerini_etal91",
  chapter =      "11",
  pages =        "173--190",
  comment =      "Subclass vs. subtype in OO",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Misc{anderson1,
  author =       "Ross J. Anderson",
  title =        "Why Cryptosystems Fail",
  year =         "around 1994",
  archive =      "{pn (wcf)}",
}

@Misc{anderson2,
  author =       "Ross J. Anderson",
  title =        "Liability and Computer Security: Nine Principles",
  year =         "around 1994",
  comment =      "security of ATMs",
  archive =      "{pn
                 (liability)}",
}

@InProceedings{androutsopoulos_etal97,
  author =       "I. Androutsopoulos and G. D. Ritchie and P. Thanisch",
  title =        "A Framework for Natural Language Interfaces to
                 Temporal Databases",
  pages =        "9",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 20{\/$^{th}$} Australasian Computer
                 Science Conference. Sydney, AU, Feb 1997",
  year =         "1997",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9611006}",
}

@InProceedings{aulich_etal88,
  author =       "Manfred Aulich and Guido Drexel and Gert Rickheit and
                 Hans Strohner",
  title =        "{I}nput {W}ort: {A}ns{\"a}tze der {S}imulation
                 wortweiser {T}extverarbeitung",
  number =       "195",
  series =       "Informatik-Fachberichte --- K{\"u}nstliche
                 Intelligenz",
  pages =        "1--14",
  booktitle =    "Computerlinguistik und ihre theoretischen Grundlagen;
                 Proc.\ des Symposiums. Saarbr{\"u}cken, 9--11 Mar
                 1988",
  year =         "1988",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  address =      "Berlin, DE",
  shorttitle =   "Computerlinguistik und ihre theoretischen Grundlagen.
                 Proc.\ des Symposiums",
  keywords =     "WORT, cognitive plausibility, lexicalist approach,
                 parallelism, parsing, strongly interactive model, text
                 understanding",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@InProceedings{azzam95,
  author =       "Saliha Azzam",
  title =        "An Algorithm to Co-Ordinate Anaphora Resolution and
                 {PPS} Disambiguation Process",
  crossref =     "zzzeacl-95",
  pages =        "284--285",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9502033}",
}

@Book{backus_etal63,
  author =       "J. W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and J. Green and C. Katz
                 and J. McCarthy and P. Naur and A. J. Perlis and H.
                 Rutishauer and K. Samelson and B. Vauquois and J. H.
                 Wegstein and A. van Wijngarden and M. Woodger",
  title =        "Revised Report on the algorithmic language {ALGOL}
                 60",
  publisher =    "International-Federation-for-Information-Processing",
  year =         "1963",
}

@InCollection{barhillel64,
  author =       "Y. Bar-Hillel and C. Gaifman and E. Shamir",
  title =        "On categorial and phrase structure grammars",
  booktitle =    "Language and Information. Selected Essays on their
                 Theory and Application",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  year =         "1964",
  editor =       "Y. Bar-Hillel",
  pages =        "99--115",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{barnard+skillicorn90,
  author =       "D. T. Barnard and D. B. Skillicorn",
  title =        "Parsing Context Free Languages",
  chapter =      "4",
  crossref =     "zzbarnard+skillicorn90",
  pages =        "28--35",
  keywords =     "*ATR*",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{barnard+skillicorn92,
  author =       "D. T. Barnard and D. B. Skillicorn",
  title =        "Parsing Context Free Languages on {O}(n) Processors",
  journal =      "Computer Languages",
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "61--66",
}

@InCollection{barringer87,
  author =       "Howard Barringer",
  title =        "The use of temporal logic in the compositional
                 specification of concurrent systems",
  booktitle =    "Temporal Logics and their Applications",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  year =         "1987",
  editor =       "A. Galton",
  pages =        "53--90",
  address =      "London, UK",
  keywords =     "concurrency, formal specification, modularity,
                 programming language, proof theory, temporal logic",
  archive =      "IIG (KK 460-12)",
}

@Article{barton85,
  author =       "G. Edward {Barton, Jr.}",
  title =        "On the Complexity of {ID/LP} Parsing",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "205--218",
  comment =      "ID/LP Parsing is NP-Complete",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{barton_etal87,
  author =       "G. E. Barton and R. C. Berwick and E. S. Ristad",
  title =        "Computational Complexity and Natural Language",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1987",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
}

@InCollection{barwise+cooper91,
  author =       "J. Barwise and R. Cooper",
  title =        "Simple situation theory and its graphical
                 representation",
  booktitle =    "Partial and Dynamic Semantics III",
  publisher =    "Centre for Cognitive Science, University of
                 Edinburgh",
  year =         "1991",
  editor =       "J. Seligman",
  number =       "R2.1.C",
  series =       "DYANA Report",
  pages =        "38--74",
  address =      "Edinburgh, UK",
}

@InCollection{barwise+cooper93,
  author =       "J. Barwise and R. Cooper",
  title =        "Simple situation theory and its graphical
                 representation",
  crossref =     "zzaczel_etal93",
}

@Book{barwise+perry83,
  author =       "Jon Barwise and John R. Perry",
  title =        "Situations and Attitudes",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1983",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  keywords =     "formal specification, situation semantics",
}

@InCollection{baumgartner70,
  author =       "Klaus Baumg{\"a}rtner",
  title =        "Konstituenz und {D}ependenz. {Z}ur {I}ntegration der
                 beiden grammatischen {P}rinzipien",
  booktitle =    "Vorschl{\"a}ge f{\"u}r eine strukturale {G}rammatik
                 des {D}eutschen",
  publisher =    "Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft",
  year =         "1970",
  editor =       "H. Steger",
  number =       "CXLVI",
  series =       "Wege der Forschung",
  pages =        "52--77",
  address =      "Darmstadt",
  keywords =     "constituent structure, dependency grammar, dependency
                 structure, grammar theory, phrase structure grammar,
                 structural linguistics, valence grammar",
  archive =      "LB 70/4508, hahn",
}

@InProceedings{bayer_etal96,
  author =       "Thomas Bayer and Ingrid Renz and Michael Stein and
                 Ulrich Kressel",
  title =        "Domain and Language Independent Feature Extraction for
                 Statistical Text Categorization",
  editor =       "L. Evett and T. Rose",
  series =       "AISB 1996 Workshop Series",
  pages =        "21--32",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the Workshop on Language Engineering for
                 Document Analysis and Recognition. Brighton, UK, 1--2
                 Apr 1996",
  year =         "1996",
  publisher =    "Sussex University",
  address =      "Brighton, UK",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9607003}",
}

@InProceedings{becker+rambow94,
  author =       "Tilman Becker and Owen Rambow",
  title =        "Parsing Free Word-Order Languages in Polynomial Time",
  crossref =     "zzztag-94",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9411008}",
}

@TechReport{becker_etal92,
  author =       "Tilman Becker and Owen Rambow and Michael Niv",
  title =        "The Derivational Generative Power of Formal Systems,
                 or, Scrambling is Beyond {LCFRS}",
  institution =  "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science,
                 University of Pennsylvania",
  year =         "1992",
  number =       "IRCS-92-38",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  archive =      "pn, {IRCS}",
}

@Misc{berliner,
  author =       "Brian Berliner",
  title =        "{CVS II}: Parallelizing Software Development",
  keywords =     "revision controll",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{berwick+weinberg86,
  author =       "Robert C. Berwick and Amy S. Weinberg",
  title =        "The Grammatical Basis of Linguistic Performance:
                 Language Use and Acquisition",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1986",
  number =       "11",
  series =       "Current Studies in Linguistics",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  shorttitle =   "The Grammatical Basis of Linguistic Performance",
  comment =      "Implementierung eine GB parsers. Motivation des
                 subjacence Kriteriums f. Parsebarkei/Lernbarkeit",
  archive =      "IIG (KK 460-20)",
}

@InProceedings{billot+lang89,
  author =       "S. Billot and B. Lang",
  title =        "The structure of Shared Forests in Ambiguous Parsing",
  booktitle =    "US ACL Meeting. Vancouver, 1989",
  year =         "1989",
  note =         "also as INRIA research report RR-1038, Mai 1989",
  archive =      "{pn (forests)}",
}

@InProceedings{black_etal92,
  author =       "Ezra Black and Fred Jelinek and John Lafferty and
                 David M. Magerman and Robert Mercer and Salim Roukos",
  title =        "Towards History-based Grammars: Using Richer Models
                 for Probabilistic Parsing",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop.
                 1992",
  year =         "1992",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9405007}",
}

@InProceedings{black_etal96,
  author =       "Ezra Black and Stephen Eubank and Hideko Kashioka and
                 David Magerman and Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech",
  title =        "Beyond skeleton parsing: Producing a comprehensive
                 large-scale general-english treebank with full
                 grammatical analysis",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-96",
  pages =        "107--112",
  keywords =     "parsing, treebank",
}

@Article{blair+maron85,
  author =       "David C. Blair and M. E. Maron",
  title =        "An evaluation of retrieval effectiveness for a
                 full-text document-retrieval system",
  journal =      "Communications of the ACM",
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "289--299",
  keywords =     "STAIRS, document retrieval system, evaluation,
                 textsorte: volltext",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@TechReport{bobrow_etal88,
  author =       "D. G. Bobrow and L. G. DeMichiel and R. P. Gabriel and
                 S. Keene and G Kiczales and D. A. Moon",
  title =        "{C}ommon {L}isp {O}bject {S}ystem specification",
  institution =  "X3J13 standards Commitee (ANSI Common Lisp)",
  year =         "1988",
  type =         "Document",
  number =       "88-003",
  month =        jun,
}

@InProceedings{bod+scha94,
  author =       "Rens Bod and Remko Scha",
  title =        "Prediction and Disambiguation by means of
                 Data-Oriented Parsing",
  crossref =     "zzztwlt-94",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{bod92,
  author =       "Rens Bod",
  title =        "A Computational Model of Language Performance: Data
                 Oriented Parsing",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-92",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "855--859",
}

@Misc{bod96,
  author =       "Rens Bod",
  title =        "Efficient Algorithms for Parsing the {DOP} Model? {A}
                 Reply to Joshua Goodman",
  howpublished = "http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9605031",
  year =         "1996",
  comment =      "answering goodman96",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9605031}",
}

@InCollection{boguraev88,
  author =       "Branimir Boguraev",
  title =        "A Natural Language Toolkit: Reconciling Theory with
                 Practice",
  crossref =     "zzreyle+rohrer88",
  pages =        "95--130",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{boitet91,
  author =       "Christian Boitet",
  title =        "Twelve Problems for Machine Translation",
  pages =        "45--54",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of Int.\ Conf.\ on Current Issues in
                 Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Misc{botting,
  author =       "Dick Botting",
  title =        "A Methods and Standards Page",
  howpublished = "http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/methods.html",
  comment =      "cheerful definition of methods as SA/SD, OOA/OOD,
                 etc.",
  archive =      "{CSUSB}",
}

@InProceedings{bozsahin+gocmen95,
  author =       "H. Cem Boz{\c{s}}ahin and Elvan G{\"o}{\c{c}}men",
  title =        "A Categorial Framework for Composition in Multiple
                 Linguistic Domains",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of CSNLP-95. Dublin",
  year =         "1995",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9506025}",
}

@Article{brachman+schmolze85,
  author =       "Ronald J. Brachman and James G. Schmolze",
  title =        "An overview of the {KL-ONE} knowledge representation
                 system",
  journal =      "Cognitive Science",
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "171--216",
  keywords =     "KL-ONE, frames, knowledge representation language,
                 semantic network",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{brachman83,
  author =       "R. J. Brachman",
  title =        "What {IS-A} is and isn't: {A}n analysis of taxonomic
                 Links in Semantic Networks",
  journal =      "IEEE Computer",
  year =         "1983",
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "30--36",
  keywords =     "default knowledge, generalization, property
                 inheritance, semantic network, terminological
                 reasoning",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@TechReport{briot88,
  author =       "Jean-Pierre Briot",
  title =        "From Objects to Actors: Study of a Limited Symbiosis",
  institution =  "Equipe Mixte LITP --- RankXeroxFrance",
  year =         "1988",
  type =         "Research Report",
  number =       "RXF-LITP 88-58",
  address =      "Paris, FR",
  keywords =     "Act, ABCL, Actalk",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{briot89,
  author =       "Jean-Pierre Briot",
  title =        "Actalk: {A} Testbed for Classifying and Designing
                 Actor Languages in the {S}malltalk-80 Environment",
  crossref =     "zzzecoop-89",
  pages =        "109--129",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{briscoe96,
  author =       "Ted Briscoe",
  title =        "Robust Parsing",
  crossref =     "zzcole_etal96",
  chapter =      "3.7",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@PhdThesis{broker96,
  author =       "Norbert Br{\"o}ker",
  title =        "Eine {D}ependenzgrammatik zur {K}opplung heterogener
                 {W}issenssysteme auf modallogischer {B}asis",
  school =       "Philosophische Fakult{\"a}t,
                 Albert-Ludwigs-Universit{\"a}t",
  year =         "1997",
  address =      "Freiburg, DE",
  type =         "Dissertation",
}

@InProceedings{broker_etal93,
  author =       "Norbert Br{\"o}ker and Udo Hahn and Susanne Schacht",
  title =        "Ein {P}l{\"a}doyer f{\"u}r {P}erformanzgrammatiken",
  pages =        "6--11",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ der 4. Fachtagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft
                 f{\"u}r Sprachwissenschaft, Sektion Computerlinguistik.
                 Hamburg, DE, 17--19 Nov 1993",
  year =         "1993",
  keywords =     "actor model, control knowledge, declarative knowledge,
                 dependency grammar, grammar theory, inheritance,
                 language performance, lexicalist approach, lexicon,
                 message passing, natural language understanding,
                 procedural knowledge, text understanding",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{broker_etal94,
  author =       "Norbert Br{\"o}ker and Udo Hahn and Susanne Schacht",
  title =        "Concurrent lexicalized dependency parsing: The {{\sc
                 ParseTalk}} model",
  year =         "1994",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-94",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "379--385",
  archive =      "{CLIF}",
}

@InCollection{broker_etal95,
  author =       "Norbert Br{\"{o}}ker and Susanne Schacht and Peter
                 Neuhaus and Udo Hahn",
  title =        "{P}erformanzorientiertes {G}rammatik-{D}esign ---
                 {O}bjektorientiertes lexikalisches {T}ext-{P}arsing",
  booktitle =    "{P}erspektiven der {K}ognitiven {L}inguistik.
                 {M}odelle und {M}ethoden",
  publisher =    "Westdeutscher Verlag",
  year =         "1996",
  editor =       "C. Habel and S. Kanngie{\ss}er and G. Rickheit",
  address =      "Opladen",
  archive =      "{CLIF}, FRUB
                 (GE 96/9165)",
}

@InBook{bryson91,
  author =       "Bill Bryson",
  title =        "Where Words Come From",
  booktitle =    "Mother Tongue: The English Language",
  publisher =    "Hamish Hamilton",
  year =         "1990",
  address =      "London, UK",
  archive =      "pn",
  annote =       "Reprint in SIA Journal",
}

@InProceedings{burnett_etal95,
  author =       "Mark Burnett and Craig Fisher and Richard Jones",
  title =        "{InTEXT} Precision Indecing in {TREC4}",
  booktitle =    "Proc. of the 4{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on Text
                 Retrieval",
  year =         "1995",
  comment =      "InTEXT's commercial indexing program",
  archive =      "pn, {TREC4}",
}

@InProceedings{buschbeck-wolf+nubel96,
  author =       "Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf and Rita N{\"u}bel",
  title =        "Die {V}erarbeitung von {\"u}bersetzungsambigen
                 {P}r{\"a}positionen in {VERBMOBIL}",
  crossref =     "zzzkonvens-96pp",
  pages =        "57--59",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{butt_etal96,
  author =       "Miriaam Butt and Christian Fortman and Christian
                 Rohrer",
  title =        "Syntactic Analyses for Parallel Grammars: Auxiliaries
                 and Genitive {NP}s",
  pages =        "6",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-96",
  archive =      "{cmp-lg/9604013}",
}

@Article{cacciari+tabossi88,
  author =       "Cristina Cacciari and Patrizia Tabossi",
  title =        "The Comprehension of Idioms",
  journal =      "JOurnal of Memory and Language",
  year =         "1988",
  volume =       "27",
  pages =        "668--683",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{carbonell+hayes83,
  author =       "Jaime Carbonell and Philip J. Hayes",
  title =        "Recovery Strategies for Parsing Extragrammatical
                 Language",
  journal =      "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1983",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3-4",
  pages =        "123--160",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{carbonell+tomita87,
  author =       "Jaime G. Carbonell and Masaru Tomita",
  title =        "Knowledge-based machine translation, the {CMU}
                 approach",
  booktitle =    "Machine Translation: Theoretical and Methodological
                 Issues",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  year =         "1987",
  editor =       "S. Nirenburg",
  pages =        "68--89",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  keywords =     "case grammar, compiler, disambiguation, efficiency,
                 functional grammar, incremental parsing, interlingua
                 model, knowledge representation, machine translation,
                 machine translation system, machine-aided translation,
                 post-editing, system architecture",
  comment =      "sehr sch{\"o}ner Survey {\"u}ber versch.
                 MT-Ans{\"a}tze (tolle Grafiken!) [uh]",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@Article{cardelli+wegner85,
  author =       "Luca Cardelli and Peter Wegner",
  title =        "On understanding types, data abstraction, and
                 polymorphism",
  year =         "1985",
  journal =      "ACM Computing Surveys",
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "471--522",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{carroll+briscoe92,
  author =       "John Carroll and Ted Briscoe",
  title =        "Probabilistic Normalization and Unpacking of Packed
                 Forests for Unification-based Grammars",
  pages =        "33--38",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of AAAI Fall Symposium on Probalistic
                 Approaches to Natural Language. 1992",
  year =         "1992",
  shorttitle =   hdr # "AAAI Fall Symposium",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@TechReport{carroll+charniak92,
  author =       "Glenn Carroll and Eugene Charniak",
  title =        "Two Experiments on Learning Probabilistic Dependency
                 Grammars from Corpora",
  institution =  "Dept.\ of Computer Science, Brown University",
  year =         "1992",
  number =       "CS-92-16",
  address =      "Providence, RI",
  note =         "{\\}ftp://wilma.cs.brown.edu/pub/techreports/92/cs92-16.ps.Z",
  archive =      "{pn (cs92-16)}",
}

@PhdThesis{carroll93,
  author =       "John Andrew Carroll",
  title =        "Practical Unification-based Parsing of Natural
                 Language",
  school =       "Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge",
  year =         "1993",
  address =      "Cambridge,UK",
  archive =      "{pn
                 (TR314)}",
}

@InProceedings{carroll94,
  author =       "John Andrew Carroll",
  title =        "Relating Complexity to Practical Performance in
                 Parsing with Wide-Coverage Unification Grammars",
  pages =        "287--294",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-94",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9405033}",
}

@InBook{ccwinograd83,
  author =       "Terry Winograd",
  title =        "Recognition, Refinements, and Charts",
  chapter =      "3.4--3.6",
  crossref =     "winograd83",
  pages =        "93--127",
  comment =      "discusses parsing and recognition procedures",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{chandy+misra88,
  author =       "K. Mani Chandy and Jayadev Misra",
  title =        "Parallel Program Design: {A} Foundation",
  publisher =    "Addison Wesley",
  year =         "1988",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
  archive =      "kle",
}

@Book{charniak93,
  author =       "Eugene Charniak",
  title =        "Statistical Language Learning",
  year =         "1993",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
}

@InProceedings{chen95,
  author =       "Stanley F. Chen",
  title =        "Bayesian Grammar Induction for Language Modeling",
  pages =        "228--235",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-95",
  comment =      "a corpus-based induction algorithm for probabilistic
                 context-free grammars",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9504034}",
}

@Book{chomsky65,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  title =        "Aspects of the Theory of Syntax",
  year =         "1965",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  archive =      "IIG (KK 460 22), pn (Chaps. 1.1-1.2)",
}

@Book{chomsky72,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  title =        "Language and Mind",
  publisher =    "Harcourt Brace Jovanovich",
  year =         "1972",
  address =      "New York, NY",
  edition =      "enlarged",
  archive =      "FRUB (GE 72/2941)",
}

@Article{church+patil82,
  author =       "Kenneth Church and Ramesh Patil",
  title =        "Coping with syntactic ambiguity or how to put the
                 block in the box on the table",
  journal =      "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1982",
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "139--149",
  keywords =     "augmented transition network, context-free grammar,
                 formal specification, parsing, structural ambiguity",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@InProceedings{church80,
  author =       "Kenneth Church",
  title =        "On parsing strategies and closure",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-80",
  pages =        "107--111",
}

@InProceedings{clark+gibson88,
  author =       "Robin Clark and Edward Gibson",
  title =        "A parallel model for adult sentence processing",
  crossref =     "zzzcogsci-88",
  pages =        "270--276",
  keywords =     "ambiguity, garden path sentence, government-binding
                 grammar, parallelism, parsing",
  comment =      "constrained parallel parsing: accounts for graden path
                 effects & preferred readings which unlimited
                 parallelism does not.",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Manual{clif96,
  title =        "Project Documentation",
  key =          "CLIF",
  organization = "Computational Research Lab, Freiburg University",
  address =      "Freiburg, DE",
  year =         "1996",
  note =         "http://www.coling.uni-freiburg.de/public/coling-doc/management/",
}

@PhdThesis{clinger81,
  author =       "W. D. Clinger",
  title =        "Foundations of Actor Semantics",
  school =       "Dept.\ of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of
                 Technology",
  year =         "1981",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{collier96,
  author =       "Nigel Collier",
  title =        "Storage of Natural Language Sentences in a Hopfield
                 Network",
  crossref =     "zzznemlap-96",
  pages =        "10",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9608001}",
}

@InProceedings{collins96,
  author =       "Michael John Collins",
  title =        "A New Statistical Parser Based on Bigram Lexical
                 Dependencies",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-96",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9605012}",
}

@InProceedings{cook_etal90,
  author =       "William R. Cook and Walter L. Hill and Peter S.
                 Canning",
  title =        "Inheritance Is Not Subtyping",
  pages =        "125--135",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 17{\/$^{th}$} Symp.\ on Priciples of
                 Programming Languages",
  year =         "1990",
  publisher =    "ACM Press",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@TechReport{covington90a,
  author =       "Michael A. Covington",
  title =        "A Dependency Parser for Variable-Word-Order
                 Languages",
  institution =  "Artificial Intelligence Program, University of
                 Georgia",
  year =         "1990",
  type =         "Research Report",
  number =       "AI-1990-01",
  address =      "Athens, GA",
  note =         "{\\}ftp://ai.uga.edu/pub/ai.reports/ai9001.ps.Z",
  archive =      "{pn
                 (ai199001)}",
}

@Article{covington90b,
  author =       "Michael A. Covington",
  title =        "Parsing Discontinuous Constituents in Dependency
                 Grammar",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "234--236",
  keywords =     "$algorithm$, dependency grammar, discontinuous
                 constituent, parsing, unification",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@TechReport{covington92,
  author =       "Michael A. Covington",
  title =        "{GB} Theory as Dependency Grammar",
  institution =  "Artificial Intelligence Program, University of
                 Georgia",
  year =         "1992",
  type =         "Research Report",
  number =       "AI-1992-03",
  address =      "Athens, GA",
  note =         "{\\}ftp://ai.uga.edu/pub/ai.reports/ai9203.ps.Z",
  archive =      "{pn
                 (ai199203)}",
}

@TechReport{covington94a,
  author =       "Michael A. Covington",
  title =        "An Empirically Motivated Reinterpretation of
                 Dependency Grammar",
  institution =  "Artificial Intelligence Programs, University of
                 Georgia",
  year =         "1994",
  type =         "Research Report",
  number =       "AI-1994-01",
  address =      "Athens, GA",
  note =         "{\\}ftp://ai.uga.edu/pub/ai.reports/ai9401.ps.Z",
  archive =      "{pn
                 (ai199401)}",
}

@TechReport{covington94b,
  author =       "Michael A. Covington",
  title =        "Discontinuous Dependency Parsing of Fixed and Free
                 Word Order",
  institution =  "Artificial Intelligence Programs, University of
                 Georgia",
  year =         "1994",
  type =         "Research Report",
  number =       "AI-1994-02",
  address =      "Athens, GA",
  note =         "{\\}ftp://ai.uga.edu/pub/ai.reports/ai9402.ps.Z",
  archive =      "{pn
                 (ai199402)}",
}

@InCollection{crain+steedman85,
  author =       "Stephen Crain and Mark Steedman",
  title =        "On Not Being Led Up the Garden Path: The Use of
                 Context by the Psychological Syntax Processor",
  crossref =     "zzdowty_etal85",
  pages =        "320--358",
  keywords =     "cognitive plausibility, disambiguation, discourse
                 context, garden path sentence, parsing, parsing
                 strategy, presupposition, reference, semantics,
                 structural ambiguity, syntax, weakly interactive
                 model",
  comment =      "the Referential Theory",
}

@PhdThesis{crocker92,
  author =       "Matthew Walter Crocker",
  title =        "A Logical Model of Competence and Performance in the
                 Human Sentence Processor",
  school =       "University of Edinburgh",
  year =         "1992",
  address =      "Edinburgh",
  archive =      "{pn (rp-34.ps)}",
}

@Proceedings{culicover+mcnally95,
  title =        "Workshop on the Limits of Syntax. Columbus, {OH},
                 9--10 Dec 1995",
  year =         "1995",
  editor =       "Peter W. Culicover and Louise McNally",
  organization = "Ohio State University, Centre for Cognitive Science",
  address =      "Park Place, Columbus, OH 43210 USA",
  note =         "Email: harper.17@osu.edu",
  archive =      "{pn (limits.txt)}",
}

@InProceedings{cunningham+veale91,
  author =       "P{\'a}draig Cunningham and Tony Veale",
  title =        "Organizational Issues Arising from the Integration of
                 the Lexicon and Concept Network in a Text Understanding
                 System",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-91",
  pages =        "986--991",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@TechReport{cunningham_etal95,
  author =       "Hamish Cunningham and Robert J. Gaizauskas and Yorick
                 Wilks",
  title =        "A General Architecture for Language Engineering
                 ({GATE}) --- a new approach to Language Engineering
                 {R\&D}",
  institution =  "Institute for Language Speech,Hearing (ILASH) / Dept.\
                 of Computer Science, University of Sheffield",
  year =         "1995",
  number =       "CS-95-21",
  address =      "Sheffield, UK",
  shorttitle =   "A General Architecture for Language Engineering",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9601009}",
}

@InProceedings{cunningham_etal96,
  author =       "Hamish Cunningham and Yorick Wilks and Robert J.
                 Gaizauskas",
  title =        "New Methods, Current Trends and Software
                 Infrastructure for {NLP}",
  crossref =     "zzznemlap-96",
  comment =      "Information Extraction using GATE - a General
                 Architecture for Text Engineering",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9607025}",
}

@Article{dahl+nygaard66,
  author =       "O.-J. Dahl and K. Nygaard",
  title =        "Simula: An {ALGOL}-based Simulation Language",
  journal =      "Communications of the ACM",
  year =         "1966",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "671--678",
  comment =      "first OO language",
}

@Book{dahlgren88,
  author =       "Kathleen Dahlgren",
  title =        "Naive Semantics for Natural Language Understanding",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  year =         "1988",
  number =       "58",
  series =       "International Series in Engineering and Computer
                 Science",
  address =      "Boston, MA",
  keywords =     "anaphora, cognitive science, coherence relation,
                 commonsense knowledge, disambiguation, encyclopedic
                 knowledge, knowledge representation, lexical semantics,
                 non-monotonicity, prepositional phrase,
                 question-answering system, semantics, syntax, text
                 understanding",
  comment =      "kog. Repr. lexikalischer Semantik gleich wie
                 enzyklopaed. Wissen",
  archive =      "IIG (KK 420/2)",
}

@TechReport{dejong79,
  author =       "Gerald Francis DeJong",
  title =        "Skimming Stories in Real Time: an Experiment in
                 Integrated Understanding",
  year =         "1979",
  institution =  "Yale University, Dept.\ of Computer Science",
  address =      "New Haven, CT",
  type =         "Research Report",
  number =       "158",
}

@InProceedings{demers77,
  author =       "Alan J. Demers",
  title =        "Generalized Left Corner Parsing",
  pages =        "170--182",
  booktitle =    "Conference Record of the 4{\/$^{th}$} {ACM} annual
                 Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages;
                 Papers presented at the Symposium. Los Angeles, CA,
                 17--19 Jan 1977",
  year =         "1977",
  publisher =    "ACM",
  address =      "New York, NY",
  shorttitle =   "Proc.\ of the 4{\/$^{th}$} {ACM} Symposium on
                 Principles of Programming Languages",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{deussen86I,
  author =       "Peter Deussen",
  title =        "{E}rzeugung, {A}kzeption und syntaktische {A}nalyse
                 formaler {S}prachen",
  volume =       "I: Erzeugung und Akzeption",
  publisher =    "Fakult{\"a}t f{\"u}r Informatik, Universit{\"a}t
                 Karlsruhe",
  year =         "1986",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, DE",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{deussen86II,
  author =       "Peter Deussen",
  title =        "{E}rzeugung, {A}kzeption und syntaktische {A}nalyse
                 formaler {S}prachen",
  volume =       "II: Akzeptionsalgorithmen",
  publisher =    "Fakult{\"a}t f{\"u}r Informatik, Universit{\"a}t
                 Karlsruhe",
  year =         "1986",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, DE",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{devos_etal88,
  author =       "M. Devos and G. Adriaens and Y. D. Willems",
  title =        "The Parallel Expert Parser ({PEP}): {A} Thoroughly
                 Revised Descendent of the Word Expert Parser ({WEP})",
  pages =        "142--147",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-88",
  keywords =     "LOGIX, parallelism, parsing, word experts",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{dey+hayashi90,
  author =       "Pradip Dey and Yoichi Hayashi",
  title =        "A multiprocessing model of natural language
                 processing",
  journal =      "Theoretical Linguistics",
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11--23",
  keywords =     "parallelism, parsing, tree adjoining grammar",
  comment =      "Vgl seq./parall. Algorithmus",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{dijk72,
  author =       "Teun A. {\SortNoop{Dijk}}van Dijk",
  title =        "Some Aspects of Text Grammars",
  publisher =    "Mouton",
  year =         "1972",
  address =      "The Hague",
  comment =      "Disambiguation by context as performance, p. 4",
  archive =      "IIG (KK460/28)",
}

@InProceedings{doran96,
  author =       "Christine Doran",
  title =        "Punctuation in Quoted Speech",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of SIGPARSE 96 - Punctuation in Computational
                 Linguistics",
  year =         "1996",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9608011}",
}

@InProceedings{dorr_etal94,
  author =       "Bonnie Dorr and Dekang Lee and Jye-hoon Lee and Sungki
                 Suh",
  title =        "A Paradigm for Non-head-driven Parsing: Parameterized
                 Message-Passing",
  crossref =     "zzznemlap-94",
  pages =        "174--181",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{dowding_etal94,
  author =       "John Dowding and Robert Moore and Francois Andry and
                 Douglas Moran",
  title =        "Interleaving syntax and semantics in an efficient
                 bottom-up parser",
  pages =        "110--116",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-94",
  keywords =     "chart parsing, efficiency, robustness semantic
                 interpretation, speech recognition, syntactic parsing
                 unification grammar",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@PhdThesis{earley68,
  author =       "Jay Earley",
  title =        "An Efficient Context-Free Parsing Algorithm",
  school =       "Computer Science Dept., Carnegie-Mellon University",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA",
  year =         "1968",
}

@Article{earley70,
  author =       "Jay Earley",
  title =        "An Efficient Context-Free Parsing Algorithm",
  journal =      "Communications of the ACM",
  year =         "1970",
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "94--102",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{edrees_etal96,
  author =       "Soliman Edrees and Howard Beck and Ahmed Rafea",
  title =        "Acquiring Domain Knowledge through Analysis of Text
                 from Technical Documents",
  crossref =     "zzzflairs-96",
  pages =        "339--343",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{eiselt+granger94,
  author =       "Kurt P. Eiselt and Richard H. Granger",
  title =        "Process independence and concurrency in a model of
                 sentence understanding",
  crossref =     "zzadriaens+hahn94",
  pages =        "285--306",
}

@InProceedings{eiselt_etal93,
  author =       "Kurt P. Eiselt and Kavi Mahesh and Jennifer K.
                 Holbrook",
  title =        "Having Your Cake and Eating It Too: Autonomy and
                 Interaction in a Model of Sentence Processing",
  crossref =     "zzzaaai-93",
  pages =        "380--385",
  keywords =     "autonomous model, cognitive plausibility, control
                 knowledge, garden path sentence, language processing
                 model, parser, preference, ranking, sentence analysis,
                 system architecture, weakly interactive model",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{eisner96,
  author =       "Jason M. Eisner",
  title =        "Three new probabilistic models for dependency parsing:
                 an exploration",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-96",
  pages =        "340--345",
}

@InProceedings{evans+gazdar89,
  author =       "Roger Evans and Gerald Gazdar",
  title =        "Inference in {DATR}",
  pages =        "66--71",
  crossref =     "zzzeacl-89",
  keywords =     "DATR, declarative knowledge, default reasoning, formal
                 syntax, inference, multiple inheritance",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@Article{fennell+lesser77,
  author =       "Richard D. Fennell and Victor R. Lesser",
  title =        "Parallelism in artificial intelligence problem
                 solving: a case study of {H}earsay {II}",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  year =         "1977",
  volume =       "C-26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "98--111",
  keywords =     "blackboard, distributed problem solving,
                 implementation, parallelism, production system, speech
                 understanding, system architecture, system
                 performance",
  comment =      "50\% der Zeit auf Blackboard (r/w, sync)",
}

@InCollection{fillmore68,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
  title =        "The Case for Case",
  booktitle =    "Universals in Linguistic Theory",
  publisher =    "Holt, Rinehart \& Winston",
  year =         "1968",
  editor =       "Emmon Bach and Robert T. Harms",
  pages =        "1--88",
  address =      "New York, NY",
  keywords =     "case grammar, theoretical linguistics",
  archive =      "DS II 4 Bac 0.0",
}

@InProceedings{fitzgerald+riesbeck94,
  author =       "Will Fitzgerald and Christopher K. Riesbeck",
  title =        "Evaluating Embedded Parsers",
  year =         "1994",
  booktitle =    "Knowledge Representation for Natural Language
                 Processing in Implemented Systems; Papers from the 1994
                 AAAI Fall Symposium. New Orleans, LA, 1--4 Nov 1994",
  shorttitle =   "Knowledge Representation for Natural Language
                 Processing in Implemented Systems; 1994 AAAI Fall
                 Symposium",
  publisher =    "AAAI Press",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA",
  pages =        "31--37",
  archive =      "{pn
                 (evalparser)}",
}

@Unpublished{fitzgerald94,
  author =       "Will Fitzgerald",
  title =        "Recent Methods of Evaluating Parsers",
  note =         "pers.\ communication",
  year =         "1994",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{fodor+garrett66,
  author =       "J. Fodor and M. Garrett",
  title =        "Some reflections on competence and performance",
  booktitle =    "Psycholinguistic Papers. The Proceedings of the 1966
                 Edinburgh Conference",
  publisher =    "Edinburgh University Press",
  year =         "1966",
  editor =       "J. Lyons and R. J. Wales",
  pages =        "133--179",
  address =      "Edinburgh",
  keywords =     "generative grammar, language competence, language
                 performance, psycholinguistics",
  comment =      "recht gute Argumentation, aber veraltet [uh]",
}

@InProceedings{fordham+crocker94,
  author =       "Andrew Fordham and Matthew Crocker",
  title =        "Parsing with Principles and Probabilities",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the Balancing Act Workshop: Combinig
                 Symbolic and Statistical Approaches to Language. Las
                 Cruces, NM, 1 Jun 1994",
  year =         "1994",
  organization = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9408004}",
}

@InProceedings{frank+reyle95,
  author =       "Anette Frank and Uwe Reyle",
  title =        "Principle based semantics for {HPSG}",
  crossref =     "zzzeacl-95",
  pages =        "9--16",
  keywords =     "head-driven phrase structure grammar, noun phrase,
                 plurals, quantifier scoping, semantic interpretation,
                 semantics, sprache: englisch",
  comment =      "monotone Erweiterung semant. Beschreibungen zur
                 Lesartreduktion [uh]",
}

@Article{fraser+hudson92,
  author =       "Norman M. Fraser and Richard A. Hudson",
  title =        "Inheritance in word grammar",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "133--158",
  note =         "(Special Issue on Inheritance: I)",
  keywords =     "inference rule, inheritance, lexical grammar,
                 semantics, syntax, theoretical linguistics",
  archive =      "FRUB, IIG",
}

@Article{fraser89,
  author =       "Norman M. Fraser",
  title =        "Parsing and dependency grammar",
  journal =      "UCL Working Papers in Linguistics",
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "296--319",
  publisher =    "University College London",
  address =      "London, UK",
  keywords =     "categorial grammar, dependency grammar, grammatical
                 head, parsing, unification",
  comment =      "parsing algo for WG (bonding algo; basic op.:
                 unification), relationship DG - CG [uh]",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{frazier87,
  author =       "L. Frazier",
  title =        "Sentence Processing: {A} Tutorial Review",
  booktitle =    "The Psychology of Reading",
  publisher =    "L. Erlbaum",
  year =         "1987",
  editor =       "M. Coltheart",
  series =       "Attention and Performance",
  volume =       "XII",
  pages =        "559--586",
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
}

@InProceedings{fujinami94,
  author =       "Tsutomu Fujinami",
  title =        "Representations as Processes: Situation-Theoretic
                 Objects encoded in the {$\pi$}-calculus",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the Int.\ Workshop on Computational
                 Semantics. Tilburg, The Nederlands, 19--21 Nov 1994",
  shorttitle =   "Proc.\ of Int.\ Workshop on Computational Semantics",
  year =         "1994",
  archive =      "{pn
                 (tilburg.ps)}",
}

@PhdThesis{fujinami95,
  author =       "Tsutomu Fujinami",
  title =        "A Process Algebraic Approach to Computational
                 Linguistics",
  school =       "Centre for Cognitive Science, University of
                 Edingburgh",
  year =         "1995",
  address =      "Edinburgh",
  archive =      "{pn (thesis.ps)}",
}

@InProceedings{fujinami95a,
  author =       "Tsutomu Fujinami",
  title =        "A Dynamic Syntax-Semantics Interface",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 2{\/$^{nd}$} Conf.\ on
                 Information-Theoretic Approaches to Logic, Language,
                 and Computation. London, UK, 21--24 Jul 1996",
  publisher =    "Regent's College",
  address =      "London, UK",
  year =         "1996",
  annote =       "{\\}http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/ftp/pub/papers/tsutomu/",
  archive =      "{pn (sta.ps)}",
}

@InProceedings{fujioka_etal90,
  author =       "T. Fujioka and H. Tomabechi and O. Furuse and H.
                 Iida",
  title =        "Parallelization Technique for Quasi-Destructive Graph
                 Unification Algorithm",
  booktitle =    "Information Processing Society of Japan SIG Notes
                 90-NL-80",
  shorttitle =   "IPSJ SIG Notes 90-NL-80",
  year =         "1990",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{fum_etal87,
  author =       "Danilo Fum and Giovanni Guida and Carlo Tasso",
  title =        "Variable-depth text understanding: integrating
                 importance evaluation into the comprehension process",
  booktitle =    "Artificial Intelligence and Information-Control
                 Systems of Robots-87",
  publisher =    "North-Holland",
  year =         "1987",
  editor =       "I. Plander",
  pages =        "31--39",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  keywords =     "distributed system, interest profile, relevance
                 judgment, text understanding, variable depth of
                 processing",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@Article{gabriel_etal91,
  author =       "Richard P. Gabriel and John L. White and Daniel G.
                 Bobrow",
  title =        "{CLOS}: Integrating object-oriented and functional
                 programming",
  journal =      "Communication of the ACM",
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "29--38",
  year =         "1991",
  comment =      "Describes how OO ideas in the form of CLOS were
                 introduced to the ``functional'' language (Common)
                 Lisp.",
}

@Article{gaifman65,
  author =       "H. Gaifman",
  title =        "Dependency systems and phrase-structure systems",
  year =         "1965",
  journal =      "Information \& Control",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "304--337",
}

@Book{garey+johnson83,
  author =       "Michael R. Garey and David S. Johnson",
  title =        "Computers and intractability: a guide to the theory of
                 {NP-completeness}",
  publisher =    "Freeman",
  year =         "1983",
  address =      "New York, NY",
  edition =      "2.",
  comment =      "vertex cover pp.\ 53--56",
  archive =      "FREI/91 (CF/1.3/7)",
}

@Book{gazdar_etal85,
  author =       "Gerald Gazdar and Ewan Klein and Geoffrey Pullum and
                 Ivan Sag",
  title =        "{G}eneralized {P}hrase {S}tructure {G}rammar",
  publisher =    "B. Blackwell",
  year =         "1985",
  address =      "Oxford, UK",
}

@InProceedings{genthial_etal90,
  author =       "Damien Genthial and Jacques Courtin and Irene
                 Kowarski",
  title =        "Contribution of a category hierarchy to the robustness
                 of syntactic parsing",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-90",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "139--144",
  keywords =     "dependency grammar, part of speech, robustness,
                 sprache: franzoesisch, syntactic parsing, type
                 checking, type theory, unification grammar",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{gigerenzer+goldstein96,
  author =       "Gerd Gigerenzer and Daniel G. Goldstein",
  title =        "Reasoning the Fast and Frugal Way: Models of Bounded
                 Rationality",
  journal =      "Psychological Review",
  year =         "1996",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{goldberg+robson83,
  author =       "Adele Goldberg and David Robson",
  title =        "Smalltalk-80, The Language and its Implementation",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  year =         "1983",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
}

@Book{goldberg+robson89,
  author =       "Adele Goldberg and David Robson",
  title =        "Smalltalk-80, The Language",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  year =         "1989",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
}

@InProceedings{gomez88,
  author =       "Fernando Gomez",
  title =        "{WUP}: {A} Parser Based on Word Usage",
  pages =        "445--449",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the IEEE Conf.\ on Computers and
                 Communication. Scottsdale, AZ, 1988",
  year =         "1988",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Misc{goodman96,
  author =       "Joshua Goodman",
  title =        "Efficient Algorithms for Parsing the {DOP} Model",
  howpublished = "http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9604008",
  year =         "1996",
  comment =      "attacking R. Bod, cf. bod96 for a reply",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9604008}",
}

@InProceedings{goodman96a,
  author =       "Joshua Goodman",
  title =        "Parsing Algorithms and Metrics",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-96",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9605036}",
}

@Book{goonatilake+khebbal95,
  author =       "Suran Goonatilake and Sukhdev Khebbal",
  title =        "Intelligent Hybrid Systems",
  publisher =    "University College London",
  year =         "1995",
  comment =      "symbolic and subsymbolic hybrids",
}

@TechReport{gorz92,
  author =       "G{\"u}nther G{\"o}rz",
  title =        "Kognitiv orientierte Architekturen f{\"u}r die
                 Sprachverarbeitung",
  institution =  "Universit {\"a}t Erlangen",
  year =         "1992",
  number =       "ASL-TR-39-92",
  archive =      "{pn}",
}

@InProceedings{gorz94,
  author =       "G{\"u}nther G{\"o}rz and Marcus Kesseler",
  title =        "Anytime algorithms for speech parsing?",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-94",
  pages =        "997--1001",
}

@InProceedings{gorz_etal96,
  author =       "G{\"u}nther G{\"o}rz and Marcus Kesseler and J{\"o}rg
                 Spilker and Hans Weber",
  title =        "Research on Architectures for Integrated
                 Speech/Language Systems in Verbmobil",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-96",
  pages =        "484--489",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{graham_etal80,
  author =       "S. L. Graham and M. A. Harrison and W. L. Ruzzo",
  title =        "An improved context-free recognizer",
  journal =      "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  year =         "1980",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "415--462",
  keywords =     "context-free grammar, parsing, time complexity",
  comment =      "improved CYK",
}

@PhdThesis{greif75,
  author =       "Irene Gloria Greif",
  title =        "Semantics of Communicating Parallel Processes",
  school =       "Dept.\ of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
                 Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
  year =         "1975",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  keywords =     "PLANNER, actor model, formal semantics, formal
                 specification, parallelism, specification language,
                 synchronization, verification",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@InCollection{grice75,
  author =       "J. Paul Grice",
  title =        "Logic and conversation",
  booktitle =    "Syntax and Semantics",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  year =         "1975",
  editor =       "P. Cole and J. L. Morgan",
  volume =       "3: Speech Acts",
  pages =        "41--58",
  address =      "New York, NY",
  keywords =     "conventional implicature, conversational implicature,
                 dialog pragmatics, implicature, rhetorics",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@TechReport{grinberg_etal95,
  author =       "Dennis Grinberg and John Lafferty and Daniel Sleator",
  title =        "A Robust Parsing Algorithm For {LINK} Grammars",
  institution =  "Carnegie Mellon University",
  year =         "1995",
  number =       "CMU-CS-TR-95-125",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9508003}",
}

@Article{grosz+sidner86,
  author =       "Barbara J. Grosz and Candace L. Sidner",
  title =        "Attention, intentions, and the structure of
                 discourse",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "175--204",
  keywords =     "text coherence, micro/macro structures, text cohesion,
                 anaphora, focus",
}

@Article{grosz_etal95,
  author =       "Barbara J. Grosz and Aravind K. Joshi and Scott
                 Weinstein",
  title =        "Centering: {A} Framework for Modeling the Local
                 Coherence of Discourse",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "203--225",
  keywords =     "$classic$, $survey$, anaphora, centering model,
                 definite description, inference control, noun phrase,
                 pronoun, semantic interpretation, sprache: englisch,
                 text cohesione",
  archive =      "UB, IIG",
}

@Book{grune+jacobs90,
  author =       "Dick Grune and Ceriel J. H. Jacobs",
  title =        "Parsing Techniques: {A} Practical Guide",
  publisher =    "Ellis Horwood",
  year =         "1990",
  series =       "Computers and their Applications",
  address =      "Chichester, UK",
  shorttitle =   "Parsing Techniques",
  keywords =     "natural language, parsing",
  archive =      "UBKA 90A4189",
}

@Book{gunji87,
  author =       "Takao Gunji",
  title =        "Japanese Phrase Structure Grammar",
  publisher =    "D. Reidel",
  year =         "1987",
  address =      "Dordrecht, NL",
}

@InCollection{gurevich93,
  author =       "Yuri Gurevich",
  title =        "Evolving Algebras: An Attempt to Discover Semantics",
  booktitle =    "Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science",
  publisher =    "World Scientific",
  year =         "1993",
  editor =       "G. Rozenberg and A. Salomaa",
  pages =        "266--292",
  address =      "River Edge, NJ",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{habert91,
  author =       "Benoit Habert",
  title =        "Using inheritance in object-oriented programming to
                 combine syntactic rules and lexical idiosyncrasies",
  pages =        "79--88",
  crossref =     "zzziwpt-91",
  keywords =     "CLOS, PATR-II, chart parsing, class, idiom,
                 inheritance, lexicon, object-oriented programming,
                 phrase structure rule, sprache: franzoesisch, syntax",
  comment =      "extension of Yonezawa/Ohsawa parsing model [uh]",
}

@InCollection{hahn+adriaens94,
  author =       "Udo Hahn and Geert Adriaens",
  title =        "Parallel Natural Language Processing: Background and
                 Overview",
  crossref =     "zzadriaens+hahn94",
  pages =        "1--134",
}

@InProceedings{hahn+reimer84,
  author =       "Udo Hahn and Uwe Reimer",
  title =        "Computing Text Constituency: An Algorithmic Approach
                 to the Generation of Text Graphs",
  crossref =     "zzzbcs-84",
  pages =        "343--368",
}

@InProceedings{hahn+strube96,
  author =       "Udo Hahn and Michael Strube",
  title =        "{{\sc ParseTalk}} about Functional Anaphora",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 11{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ on Artificial
                 Intelligence. Toronto, Canada, 21--24 May 1996",
  shorttitle =   "Proc.\ of AI-96",
  year =         "1996",
  organization = "Canadian Society for Computational Studies of
                 Intelligence",
  archive =      "{CLIF}",
}

@InProceedings{hahn87,
  author =       "Udo Hahn",
  title =        "A generalized word expert model of lexically
                 distributed text parsing",
  editor =       "B. du Boulay and D. Hogg and L. Steels",
  pages =        "417--425",
  crossref =     "zzzecai-86",
  address =      "Amsterdam, NL",
  publisher =    "North Holland",
}

@Article{hahn89,
  author =       "Udo Hahn",
  title =        "Making Understanders out of Parsers: Semantically
                 Driven Parsing as a Key Concept for Realistic Text
                 Understanding Applications",
  year =         "1989",
  journal =      "International Journal of Intelligent Systems",
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "345--393",
}

@Book{hahn90,
  author =       "Udo Hahn",
  title =        "Lexikalisch verteiltes Text-Parsing. Eine
                 objektorientierte Spezifikation eines
                 Wortexpertensystems auf der Grundlage des
                 Aktorenmodells",
  year =         "1990",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  address =      "Berlin, DE",
  series =       "Informatik-Fachberichte --- K{\"u}nstliche
                 Intelligenz",
  number =       "243",
}

@InProceedings{hahn92,
  author =       "Udo Hahn",
  title =        "On Text Coherence Parsing",
  volume =       "1",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-92",
  shorttiltle =  coling # "92",
  pages =        "25--31",
}

@Article{hahn_etal94,
  author =       "Udo Hahn and Susanne Schacht and Norbert
                 Br{\"{o}}ker",
  title =        "Concurrent, object-oriented dependency parsing: The
                 {{\sc ParseTalk}} model",
  year =         "1994",
  journal =      "International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,
                 Special Issue on Object-oriented Approaches in
                 Artificial Intelligence and Human-Computer
                 Interaction",
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "1-2",
  pages =        "179--222",
  keywords =     "PARSETALK, actor model, concurrency, dependency
                 grammar, distributed system, grammar toolkit,
                 inheritance, lexical ambiguity, lexicalist approach,
                 message passing, parsing, structural ambiguity,
                 synchronization",
}

@InProceedings{hahn_etal96,
  author =       "Udo Hahn and Manfred Klenner and Klemens
                 Schnattinger",
  title =        "Automated knowledge acquisition meets metareasoning:
                 incremental quality assessment of concept hypotheses
                 during text understanding",
  editor =       "B. R. Gaines and M. Musen",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "58--1--58--20",
  booktitle =    "Proc. of the 10{\/$^{th}$} Banff Knowledge Acquisition
                 for Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop. Banff, AB, 9--14
                 Nov, 1996",
  year =         "1996",
  shorttitle =   hdr # "KAW-96",
  archive =      "hahn, {CLIF}",
}

@InProceedings{hahn_etal96a,
  author =       "Udo Hahn and Katja Markert and Michael Strube",
  title =        "A conceptual reasoning approach to the resolution of
                 textual ellipses",
  crossref =     "zzzecai-96",
  pages =        "572--576",
  archive =      "{CLIF}",
}

@InProceedings{hanrieder96,
  author =       "Gerhard Hanrieder",
  title =        "{PP}-{A}nbindung in einem kognitiv ad{\"a}quaten
                 {V}erarbeitungsmodell",
  crossref =     "zzzkonvens-96pp",
  pages =        "13--22",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@TechReport{harper_etal91,
  author =       "M. P. Harper and R. A. Helzerman and C. B. Zoltowski",
  title =        "Constraint Parsing: {A} Powerful Framework for
                 Text-based and Spoken Language Processing",
  institution =  "School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University",
  year =         "1991",
  number =       "TR-EE-91-34",
  address =      "West Lafayette, IN",
}

@InProceedings{harrison_etal91,
  author =       "Philip Harrison and Steven Abney and Ezra Black and
                 Dan Flickinger and Claudia Gdaniec and Ralph Grishman
                 and Donald Hindle and Robert Ingria and Mitch Marcus
                 and Beatri Santorini and Tomek Strzalkowski",
  title =        "Evaluating Syntax Performance of Parser/Grammars of
                 {E}nglish",
  crossref =     "zzneal+walter91",
  pages =        "71--78",
}

@PhdThesis{hasida85,
  author =       "Koiti Hasida",
  title =        "Bounded Parallelism: {A} Theory of Linguistic
                 Performance",
  school =       "Dept.\ of Information Science, Faculty of Science,
                 University of Tokyo",
  address =      "Tokyo, JP",
  year =         "1985",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{hasida90,
  author =       "Koiti Hasida",
  title =        "A constraint-based approach to linguistic
                 performance",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "149--154",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-90",
  keywords =     "cognitive plausibility, cognitive system, constraint
                 programming, declarative knowledge, language
                 acquisition, language performance, parallelism",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@InCollection{hasida93a,
  author =       "Koiti Hasida",
  title =        "Common Heuristics for Parsing, Generation, and
                 Whatever {\ldots}",
  booktitle =    "Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  year =         "1993",
  editor =       "T. Strzalkowski",
  pages =        "129--154",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  keywords =     "constraint network, heuristics, language generation
                 parsing",
}

@InCollection{hasida93b,
  author =       "Koiti Hasida",
  title =        "Dynamics and Parallel Disjunctive Unification",
  crossref =     "zztrost93",
  pages =        "79--92",
  keywords =     "constraints",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Misc{hasida96,
  author =       "Koiti Hasida",
  title =        "Issues in Communication Game",
  howpublished = "unknown",
  year =         "1996",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Misc{hasida_etal,
  author =       "Koiti Hasida and Takashi Miyata and Katashi Nagao",
  title =        "Maximum-Preference Search on Horn Clause Programs",
  howpublished = "unknown",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{haugeneder+gehrke87,
  author =       "Hans Haugeneder and Manfred Gehrke",
  title =        "Modelling heuristic parsing strategies",
  editor =       "K. Morik",
  number =       "152",
  series =       "Informatik-Fachberichte",
  pages =        "84--93",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 11{\/$^{th}$} German Workshop on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Geseke, 28 Sep -- 2 Oct 1987",
  year =         "1987",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  address =      "Berlin, DE",
  shorttitle =   "Proc.\ of GWAI-87",
  keywords =     "APE, augmented transition network, chart parsing,
                 efficiency, heuristics, parsing strategy, search",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@InProceedings{haugeneder+gehrke88,
  author =       "Hans Haugeneder and Manfred Gehrke",
  title =        "Improving search strategies: an experiment in
                 best-first parsing",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "237--241",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-88",
  keywords =     "APE, augmented transition network, chart parsing,
                 grammar toolkit, heuristics, parsing strategy, search",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@InCollection{hawkins+cuttler88,
  author =       "John A. Hawkins and Anne Cuttler",
  title =        "Psycholinguistic factors in morphological asymmetry",
  booktitle =    "Explaining Language Universals",
  publisher =    "B. Blackwell",
  year =         "1988",
  editor =       "John A. Hawkins",
  pages =        "280--317",
  address =      "Oxford, UK",
}

@Article{hawkins90,
  author =       "John A. Hawkins",
  title =        "A Parsing Theory of Word Order Universals",
  journal =      "Linguistic Inquiry",
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "21",
  pages =        "223--261",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{hawkins93,
  author =       "John A. Hawkins",
  title =        "Heads, Parsing and Word-Order Universals",
  crossref =     "zzcorbett_etal93",
  chapter =      "11",
  pages =        "231--265",
}

@Book{hawkins94,
  author =       "John A. Hawkins",
  title =        "A Performance Theory of Order and Constituency",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  year =         "1994",
  number =       "73",
  series =       "Cambridge Studies in Linguistics",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  archive =      "UBFR GE 95/801",
}

@InProceedings{hayes+carbonell81,
  author =       "Philip J. Hayes and Jaime G. Carbonell",
  title =        "Multi-Strategy Construction-Specific Parsing for
                 Flexible Data Base Query and Update",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-81",
  pages =        "432--439",
  keywords =     "CASPAR, DYPAR, case frame, data base system, natural
                 language interface, parsing, parsing strategy,
                 robustness",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{hays64,
  author =       "David G. Hays",
  title =        "Dependency theory: {A} formalism and some
                 observations",
  journal =      "Language",
  year =         "1964",
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "511--525",
  keywords =     "context-free grammar, dependency grammar, generative
                 capacity, machine translation, phrase structure
                 grammar",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@InProceedings{heidorn82,
  author =       "George E. Heidorn",
  title =        "Experience with an easily computed metric for ranking
                 alternative parses.",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-82",
  pages =        "82--84",
}

@Article{heinsohn_etal94,
  author =       "Jochen Heinsohn and Daniel Kudenko and Bernhard Nebel
                 and Hans-J{\"u}rgen Profitlich",
  title =        "An Empirical Analysis of Terminological Representation
                 Systems",
  journal =      "Artificial Intelligence",
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "68",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "367--397",
  keywords =     "BACK, KL-ONE, KRIS, LOOM, MESON, SB-ONE,
                 terminological reasoning",
  archive =      "{DFKI}",
}

@InProceedings{helbig+mertens94,
  author =       "Hermann Helbig and Andreas Mertens",
  title =        "Word Agent Based Natural Language Processing",
  editor =       "A. Nijholt and L. Boves",
  booktitle =    "Speech and Language Engineering --- Proc.\ of the
                 8\/$^{th}$ Twente Workshop on Language Technology.
                 Enschede, Dec 1994",
  year =         "1994",
  address =      "Enschede, The Nederlands",
  shorttitle =   "Proc.\ of TWLT-94",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@TechReport{helbig+mertens94a,
  author =       "Hermann Helbig and Andreas Mertens",
  title =        "Der {E}insatz von {W}ortklassenagenten f{\"u}r die
                 automatische {S}prachverarbeitung, Teil {I}",
  institution =  "Fachbereich Informatik, Fernuniversit{\"a}t Hagen",
  year =         "1994",
  type =         "Informatik Berichte",
  number =       "158 - 4/1994",
  address =      "Hagen, DE",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@TechReport{helbig+mertens94b,
  author =       "Hermann Helbig and Andreas Mertens",
  title =        "Der {E}insatz von {W}ortklassenagenten f{\"u}r die
                 automatische {S}prachverarbeitung, Teil {II}",
  institution =  "Fachbereich Informatik, Fernuniversit{\"a}t Hagen",
  year =         "1994",
  type =         "Informatik Berichte",
  number =       "159 - 4/1994",
  address =      "Hagen, DE",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{helbig96,
  author =       "Hermann Helbig",
  title =        "{P}r{\"a}positionsanalyse mit
                 {W}ortklassenfunktionen",
  crossref =     "zzzkonvens-96pp",
  pages =        "60--61",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{hellwig80,
  author =       "Peter Hellwig",
  title =        "{PLAIN}: {A} Program System for Dependancy {AN}alysis
                 and Simulating Natural Language Inference",
  booktitle =    "Representation and Processing of Natural Language",
  publisher =    "C. Hanser",
  year =         "1980",
  editor =       "L. Bolc",
  pages =        "271--376",
  address =      "Wien, AT",
  keywords =     "PLAIN",
}

@InProceedings{hellwig86,
  author =       "P. Hellwig",
  title =        "Dependency Unification Grammar",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-86",
  year =         "1986",
  pages =        "195--198",
}

@InProceedings{hellwig88,
  author =       "Peter Hellwig",
  title =        "Chart Parsing According to the Slot and Filler
                 Principle",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-88",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "242--244",
  comment =      "chart parsing, dependency grammar, discontinuous
                 constituent, lexicalist approach, syntactic parsing,
                 unification",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{hellwig89,
  author =       "Peter Hellwig",
  title =        "Parsing nat{\"u}rlicher {S}prachen: {R}ealisierungen",
  booktitle =    "Computerlinguistik. Ein internationales Handbuch zur
                 computergest{\"u}tzten Sprachforschung und ihrer
                 Anwendungen",
  pages =        "378--432",
  year =         "1989",
  editor =       "Istv{\'a}n B{\'a}tori and Winfried Lenders and
                 Wolfgang Putschke",
  publisher =    "De Gruyter",
  address =      "Berlin, DE",
  number =       "4",
  series =       "Handb{\"u}cher zur Sprach- und
                 Kommunikationswissenschaft",
  keywords =     "augmented transition network, bottom-up parsing, chart
                 parsing, dependency grammar, earley algorithm,
                 lexicalist approach, lr parsing, parsing, parsing
                 strategy, phrase structure grammar, shift-reduce
                 parsing, system architecture, system design, top-down
                 parsing",
  comment =      "schoene Algorithmen [uh]",
  archive =      "pn, FRUB (LS: Spra 210/11)",
}

@InCollection{hellwig89a,
  author =       "Peter Hellwig",
  title =        "Parsing nat{\"u}rlicher {S}prachen: {G}rundlagen",
  booktitle =    "Computerlinguistik. Ein internationales Handbuch zur
                 computergest{\"u}tzten Sprachforschung und ihrer
                 Anwendungen",
  pages =        "348--377",
  year =         "1989",
  editor =       "Istv{\'a}n B{\'a}tori and Winfried Lenders and
                 Wolfgang Putschke",
  publisher =    "De Gruyter",
  address =      "Berlin, DE",
  number =       "4",
  series =       "Handb{\"u}cher zur Sprach- und Kommun.wiss.",
  archive =      "pn, FRUB (LS: Spra 210/11)",
}

@InProceedings{helzerman+harper92,
  author =       "R. A. Helzerman and M. P. Harper",
  title =        "Log Time Parsing of Context-free Languages on the
                 {M}as{P}ar",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "209--217",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 21{\/$^{st}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on Parallel
                 Processing. St.\ Charles, IL, 1992",
  year =         "1992",
  comment =      "PARSEC",
  archive =      "pn, {purdue}",
}

@Article{henderson94,
  author =       "James Henderson",
  title =        "Connectionist Syntactic Parsing Using Temporal
                 Variable Binding",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "353--379",
  archive =      "pn, {jpr94.ps}",
}

@PhdThesis{henderson94phd,
  author =       "James Henderson",
  title =        "Description Based Parsing in a Connectionist Network",
  school =       "University of Pennsylvania",
  year =         "1994",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  note =         "Technical Report MS-CIS-94-46",
  archive =      "{thesis.ps
                 (1.3MB)}",
  annote =       "unread",
}

@InCollection{heringer93,
  author =       "Hans J{\"u}rgen Heringer",
  title =        "Formalized models",
  booktitle =    "Syntax -- An International Handbook of Contemporary
                 Research",
  publisher =    "W. de Gruyter",
  year =         "1993",
  editor =       "J. Jacobs and A. von Stechow and W. Sternefeld and T.
                 Vennemann",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "316--328",
  address =      "Berlin, DE",
  keywords =     "dependency grammar, dependency structure, formal
                 grammar",
  comment =      "Hays/Gaifman-Studien",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@InProceedings{hewitt+baker77,
  author =       "C. Hewitt and H. Baker",
  title =        "Laws for communicating parallel processes",
  editor =       "B. Gilchrist",
  booktitle =    "Information Processing; Proc.\ of the {IFIP} Conf.,
                 Toronto, CA, Aug 1977",
  year =         "1977",
  shorttitle =   "Information Processing 77",
  archive =      "pn ?",
}

@InCollection{hewitt+baker78,
  author =       "Carl Hewitt and Henry Baker",
  title =        "Actors and continuous functionals",
  year =         "1978",
  editor =       "E. J. Neuhold",
  booktitle =    "Formal Description of Programming Concepts",
  publisher =    "North-Holland",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages =        "367--390",
}

@Article{hewitt77,
  author =       "Carl E. Hewitt",
  title =        "Viewing Controll Structures as Patterns of Passing
                 Messages",
  journal =      "Journal of Artificial Intelligence",
  year =         "1977",
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "323--364",
  comment =      "actor model",
}

@PhdThesis{hickok91,
  author =       "Gregory Hickok",
  title =        "Gaps and Garden-Paths: Studies on the Architecture and
                 Computational Machinery of the Human Sentence
                 Processor",
  school =       "Brandeis University",
  year =         "1991",
  address =      "Waltham, MA",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{hickok93,
  author =       "Gregory Hickok",
  title =        "Parallel parsing: evidence from reactivation in
                 garden-path sentences.",
  year =         "1993",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "239--250",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{higuchi_etal91a,
  author =       "Tetsuya Higuchi and Tatsumi Furuya and Ken-ichi Handa
                 and Naoto Takahashi and Hiroyasu and Nishiyama and Akio
                 Kokubu",
  title =        "{IXM2}: {A} Parallel Associative Processor",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 18{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Symp.\ on Computer
                 Architecture. Toronto, ON, May 1991",
  year =         "1991",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{higuchi_etal91b,
  author =       "Tetsuya Higuchi and Hiroaki Kitano and Tatsumi Furuya
                 and Ken-ichi Handa and Naoto Takahashi and Akio and
                 Kokubu",
  title =        "{IXM2}: a parallel associative processor for knowledge
                 processing",
  crossref =     "zzzaaai-91",
  pages =        "296--303",
  keywords =     "computer architecture, evaluation, inference, parallel
                 computer, semantic network, system performance",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{hindle83,
  author =       "Donald Hindle",
  title =        "Deterministic Parsing of Syntactic Non-Fluencies",
  pages =        "123--128",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-83",
}

@InProceedings{hirakawa84,
  author =       "Hideki Hirakawa and Takashi Chikayama and Koichi
                 Furukawa",
  title =        "Eager and Lazy Enumerations in Concurrent Prolog",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of 2{\/$^{nd}$} Int.\ Logic Programming
                 Conference",
  year =         "1984",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{hirakawa86,
  author =       "Hideki Hirakawa and Rikio Onai and Kohichi Furukawa",
  title =        "Or-Parallel Optimizing Prolog System: {POPS} --- Its
                 Design and Implementation in Concurrent Prolog",
  number =       "220",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  booktitle =    "RIMS Symposium on Software Science and Engeneering
                 II",
  year =         "1986",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{hirakawa91,
  author =       "Hideki Hirakawa and Hiroyasu Nogami and Shin-Ya
                 Amano",
  title =        "{EJ/JE} Machine Translation System {ASTRANSAC} ---
                 Extensions toward Personalization",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of MT Summit III",
  year =         "1991",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{hirakawa93,
  author =       "Hideki Hirakawa",
  title =        "Resolving Syntactic and Semantic Ambiguities in
                 {ASTRANSAC}",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of 1{\/$^{st}$} French-Japanese Workshop on
                 Computer Assisted Translation",
  year =         "1993",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{hoard91,
  author =       "James E. Hoard",
  title =        "Preliminaries to the Development of Evaluation Metrics
                 for Natural Language Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis
                 Systems",
  crossref =     "zzneal+walter91",
  pages =        "97--102",
}

@Article{hoare72,
  author =       "C. A. R. Hoare",
  title =        "Proof of Correctness of Data Representations",
  journal =      "Acta Informatica",
  year =         "1972",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "271--281",
  keywords =     "abstract data types",
}

@InProceedings{hobbs+bear90,
  author =       "Jerry R. Hobbs and John Bear",
  title =        "Two principles of parse preference",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "162--167",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-90",
  keywords =     "DIALOGIC, ambiguity disambiguation, minimal
                 attachment, preference ranking right association,
                 sprache: englisch, structural ambiguity, syntactic
                 parsing",
  comment =      "generalization of right assoc. & min. attachment
                 (discussion of several heuristics fro part. ling.
                 structures [uh]",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{hobbs80,
  author =       "Jerry R. Hobbs",
  title =        "Selective inferencing",
  year =         "1980",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 3{\/$^{rd}$} National Conf.\ of the
                 Canadian Society for Computational Studies of
                 Intelligence. Victoria, British Columbia, May 1980",
  shorttitle =   "Proc.\ of the 3{\/$^{rd}$} National Conf.\ of the
                 Canadian Society for Computational Studies of
                 Intelligence",
  keywords =     "efficiency, inference control, quantification,
                 quantifier scoping",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{hobbs81,
  author =       "Jerry R. Hobbs",
  title =        "Metaphor interpretation as selective inferencing",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "85--91",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-81",
  publisher =    "AAAI-Press",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA",
  keywords =     "inference, metaphor, text understanding",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{hobbs83,
  author =       "Jerry R. Hobbs",
  title =        "An improper treatment of quantification in ordinary
                 English",
  pages =        "57--63",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-83",
  keywords =     "efficiency, inference control, logical form
                 quantification, quantifier scoping, semantic
                 interpretation, sprache: englisch",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@InProceedings{hobbs85,
  author =       "Jerry R. Hobbs",
  title =        "Ontological promiscuity",
  pages =        "61--69",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-85",
  keywords =     "beliefs, higher-order logic, intension ontology,
                 opaqueness, predicate logic semantic interpretation,
                 semantics, sprache: englisch",
  comment =      "flat logical notations with onolog. promiscuous
                 semantics (predicates ident. to English morphemes) -->
                 reduct. of complexity; nominalization operator",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{hobbs_etal88,
  author =       "Jerry R. Hobbs and Mark Stickel and Paul Martin and
                 Douglas Edwards",
  title =        "Interpretation as abduction",
  pages =        "95--103",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-88",
  keywords =     "TACITUS, abductive reasoning, compound noun control
                 knowledge, inference rule, metonymy pragmatics,
                 reference, structural ambiguity text understanding,
                 textsorte: fachtext, type inference",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{hobbs_etal93,
  author =       "Jerry R. Hobbs and Mark E. Stickel and Douglas E.
                 Appelt and Paul Martin",
  title =        "Interpretation as abduction",
  journal =      "Artificial Intelligence",
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "63",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "69--142",
  comment =      "cf. hobbs_etal88",
}

@InProceedings{hoeven93,
  author =       "Gerrit F. {\SortNoop{Hoeven}}van der Hoeven",
  title =        "An algorithm for the construction of dependency
                 trees",
  crossref =     "zzziwpt-93",
  pages =        "89--100",
  keywords =     "dependency grammar, parsing",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{hoffman95,
  author =       "Beryl Hoffman",
  title =        "Integrating ``Free'' Word Order Syntax and Information
                 Structure",
  crossref =     "zzzeacl-95",
  keywords =     "combinatorial categorial grammar",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9502019}",
}

@InProceedings{holbrook_etal92,
  author =       "Jennifer K. Holbrook and Kurt P. Eiselt and Kavi
                 Mahesh",
  title =        "A Unified Process Model of Syntax and Semantic Error
                 Recovery in Sentence Understanding",
  crossref =     "zzzcogsci-92",
  pages =        "195--200",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{hudson80,
  author =       "Richard A. Hudson",
  title =        "Constituency and dependency",
  year =         "1980",
  journal =      "Linguistics",
  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "179--198",
}

@Book{hudson84,
  author =       "Richard A. Hudson",
  title =        "Word Grammar",
  publisher =    "B. Blackwell",
  year =         "1984",
  address =      "Oxford, UK",
}

@Article{hudson89,
  author =       "Richard A. Hudson",
  title =        "Towards a computer-testable {W}ord {G}rammar of
                 {E}nglish",
  journal =      "UCL Working Papers in Linguistics",
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "321--339",
  publisher =    "University College London",
  address =      "London, UK",
}

@Book{hudson90,
  author =       "Richard A. Hudson",
  title =        "English Word Grammar",
  year =         "1990",
  publisher =    "B. Blackwell",
  address =      "Oxford, UK",
}

@InCollection{hudson93,
  author =       "Richard A. Hudson",
  title =        "Do we have heads in our minds?",
  crossref =     "zzcorbett_etal93",
  chapter =      "12",
  pages =        "266--291",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{huyck+lytinen93,
  author =       "Christian R. Huyck and Steven L. Lytinen",
  title =        "Efficient heuristic natural language parsing",
  pages =        "386--391",
  crossref =     "zzzaaai-93",
  keywords =     "LINK, cognitive plausibility, efficiency, evaluation,
                 heuristics, parsing, parsing strategy, unification
                 grammar",
  comment =      "psychologically plausible parser, improves
                 average-case complexity [uh]",
  archive =      "IIG, hahn",
}

@InProceedings{ishii_etal94,
  author =       "Masayuki Ishii and Kazuhisa Ohta and Hiroaki Saito",
  title =        "An Efficient Parser Generator for Natural Language",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-94",
  pages =        "417--420",
  comment =      "NLyacc: C-basierter Tomita-Parser",
}

@InProceedings{israel93,
  author =       "David J. Israel",
  title =        "The Very Idea of Dynamic Semantics: An Overview from
                 the Underground",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 9{\/$^{th}$} Amsterdam Colloquium.
                 Amsterdam, NL, Dec 1993",
  shorttitle =   hdr # "9{\/$^{th}$} Amsterdam Colloquium",
  year =         "1993",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9504028}",
}

@InProceedings{johnson85,
  author =       "Mark Johnson",
  title =        "Parsing with Discontinuous Constituents",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-85",
  pages =        "127--132",
}

@Book{johnson88,
  author =       "Mark Johnson",
  title =        "Attribute-Value Logic and the Theory of Grammar",
  publisher =    "SRI International",
  year =         "1988",
  number =       "14",
  series =       "CSLI Lecture Notes",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA",
}

@Article{johnson95,
  author =       "Mark Johnson",
  title =        "Memoization of Top Down Parsing",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9504016}",
}

@InProceedings{jones94,
  author =       "Bernard E. M. Jones",
  title =        "Exploring the Role of Punctuation in Parsing Natural
                 Text",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-94",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "421--425",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9505024}",
}

@InProceedings{joshi94,
  author =       "Aravind K. Joshi",
  title =        "Complexity of Scrambling: {A} New Twist to the
                 Competence -- Performance Distinction",
  crossref =     "zzztag-94",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9411030}",
}

@InProceedings{jurafsky92,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  title =        "An on-line computational model of human sentence
                 interpretation.",
  crossref =     "zzzaaai-92",
  pages =        "302--308",
  archive =      "pn, {uga}",
}

@TechReport{jurafsky93,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  title =        "A Cognitive Model of Sentence Interpretation: the
                 Construction Grammar approach",
  institution =  "International Computer Science Institute",
  year =         "1993",
  number =       "TR-93-077",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{just+carpenter87,
  author =       "M. A. Just and P. A. Carpenter",
  title =        "The Psychology of Reading and Language Comprehension",
  publisher =    "Allyn \& Bacon",
  year =         "1987",
  address =      "Boston",
}

@InCollection{kaplan73,
  author =       "R. Kaplan",
  title =        "A General Syntactic Processor",
  booktitle =    "Natural Language Processing",
  publisher =    "Prentice-Hall",
  year =         "1973",
  editor =       "E. Rustin",
  address =      "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  comment =      "first paper on active chart parsing",
}

@InCollection{kaplan87,
  author =       "Ronald M. Kaplan",
  title =        "Three seductions of computational psycholinguistics",
  year =         "1987",
  editor =       "P. Whitelock and M. M. Wood and H. L. Somers and R.
                 Johnson and P. Bennett",
  booktitle =    "Linguistic Theory and Computer Applications",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "London",
  pages =        "149--188",
}

@InProceedings{kato90,
  author =       "Susumu Kato",
  title =        "Performance Evaluation of Parallel Algorithms for
                 Unification-Based Parsers",
  booktitle =    "Information Processing Society of Japan SIG Notes
                 90-NL-77",
  shorttitle =   "IPSJ SIG Notes 90-NL-77",
  year =         "1990",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{kato94,
  author =       "Tsuneaki Kato",
  title =        "Yet another chart-based technique for parsing
                 ill-formed input",
  crossref =     "zzzanlp-94",
  pages =        "107--112",
  keywords =     "chart parsing, ill-formed input, syntactic parsing,
                 unknown word",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{kay80,
  author =       "Martin Kay",
  title =        "Algorithm Schemata and Data Structures in Syntactic
                 Processing",
  crossref =     "zzgrosz_etal86",
  pages =        "35--70",
  note =         "Originally published as a Xerox PARC technical report
                 CSL-80-12, 1980",
}

@Book{keenan79,
  author =       "E. L. Keenan",
  title =        "On Surface Form and Logical Form",
  publisher =    "Dept.\ of Linguistics, University of Illinois",
  year =         "1979",
  number =       "8.2",
  series =       "Studies in the Linguistic Sciences",
  annote =       "cited in hawkins94, reprinted in keenan87",
}

@Article{keil81,
  author =       "Frank C. Keil",
  title =        "Constraints on Knowledge and Cognitive Development",
  journal =      "Psychological Review",
  year =         "1981",
  volume =       "88",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "197--227",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{kipps89,
  author =       "James A. Kipps",
  title =        "Analysis of {T}omita's Algorithm for General
                 Context-Free Parsing",
  pages =        "193--202",
  crossref =     "zzziwpt-89",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{kitano+moldovan92,
  author =       "Hiroaki Kitano and Dan Moldovan",
  title =        "Semantic Network Array Processor as a massively
                 parallel computing platform for high performance and
                 large-scale natural language processing",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "813--819",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-92",
  keywords =     "SNAP, computer architecture, conceptual parsing,
                 memory-based reasoning, semantic network, unification
                 grammar",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@InProceedings{kitano_etal89,
  author =       "H. Kitano and T. Mitamura and M. Tomita",
  title =        "Massively parallel parsing in {PhiDmDialog}:
                 integrated architecture for parsing speech inputs",
  crossref =     "zzziwpt-89",
  keywords =     "connectionism, parallelism, speech parsing, speech
                 understanding",
}

@InProceedings{knight_etal95,
  author =       "Kevin Knight and others",
  title =        "Filling Knowledge Gaps in a Broad-Coverage Machine
                 Translation System",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-95",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9506009}",
}

@InCollection{konieczny94,
  author =       "Lars Konieczny and Barbara Hemforth and Nicole
                 V{\"o}lker",
  title =        "The Impact of Context and Semantic Bias on Constituent
                 Attachment in Reading",
  booktitle =    "First Analysis, Reanalysis, and Repair",
  publisher =    "Institut f.\ Informatik und Gesellschaft",
  year =         "1994",
  number =       "8",
  series =       "IIG-Berichte",
  address =      "Freiburg",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@PhdThesis{konieczny96,
  author =       "Lars Konieczny",
  title =        "Human Sentence Processing: {A} Semantics-Oriented
                 Parsing Approach",
  school =       "Philosophische Fakult{\"a}t,
                 Albert-Ludwigs-Universit{\"a}t",
  year =         "1996",
  address =      "Freiburg, DE",
  type =         "Dissertation",
  keywords =     "SOUL",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{konig91,
  author =       "Esther K{\"o}nig",
  title =        "Incremental syntactic and semantic processing",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-91",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "925--930",
  keywords =     "anaphora resolution, and-parallelism, categorial
                 grammar, concurrency, implementation, incremental
                 parsing, incremental processing, modeltheoretic
                 semantics, parser, quantification, semantic
                 interpretation",
  comment =      "non-compositional semantics for generation of
                 quantifier scoping [uh]",
}

@Article{kubicek95,
  author =       "Herbert Kubicek",
  title =        "{D}er {S}chutz des {F}ernmeldegeheimnisses auf dem
                 {T}elekommunikationsmarkt",
  journal =      "Datenschutz und Datensicherheit",
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "11",
  pages =        "656--663",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{kuno81,
  author =       "Susumu Kuno",
  title =        "The Syntax of Compartive Clauses",
  booktitle =    "Papers from the 17{\/$^{th}$} regional meeting Chicago
                 Linguistik Society",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago",
  year =         "1981",
  editor =       "Roberta A. Hendrik and Carrie S. Masek and Mary F.
                 Miller",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "136--155",
  archive =      "pn, z.Z. staab",
}

@Article{kunze77,
  author =       "J. Kunze",
  title =        "Dependency Grammar as Syntactic Model in several
                 procedures of automatic sentence analysis",
  journal =      "Linguistics",
  year =         "1977",
  volume =       "195",
  pages =        "46--62",
  keywords =     "dependency grammar, syntactic parsing",
}

@PhdThesis{kurtzman85,
  author =       "Howard S. Kurtzman",
  title =        "Studies in Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution",
  school =       "Cornell University",
  year =         "1985",
  note =         "Indiana University Linguistics Club",
  annote =       "entliehen von Stephan Mehl",
}

@InProceedings{kwon+yoon91,
  author =       "H. Kwon and A. Yoon",
  title =        "Unification-Based Parsing of Governor-Final
                 Languages",
  crossref =     "zzziwpt-91",
  pages =        "182--192",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{lafferty_etal92,
  author =       "John Lafferty and Daniel Sleator and Davy Temperley",
  title =        "Grammatical trigrams: {A} probabilistic model of
                 {LINK} Grammar",
  pages =        "89--97",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Probabilistic
                 Approaches to Natural Language. Cambridge, MA, 1992",
  year =         "1992",
  publisher =    "AAAI Press",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA",
  keywords =     "dependency grammar, n-gram model, probabilistic
                 grammar",
}

@Book{lakoff+johnson80,
  author =       "George Lakoff and Mark Johnson",
  title =        "Metaphors We Live By",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  year =         "1980",
  address =      "Chicago, IL",
  archive =      "IIG (KK 460 40)",
}

@TechReport{lalonde_etal86,
  author =       "W. R. Lalonde and D. A. Thomas and J. R. Pugh",
  title =        "Actors in a Smalltalk Multiprocessor: {A} Case for
                 Limited Parallelism",
  institution =  "School of Computer Science, Carelton University",
  year =         "1986",
  number =       "SCS-TR-91",
  address =      "Ottawa, CA",
  keywords =     "Actra",
}

@Book{lamport86,
  key =          "Lamport",
  author =       "Leslie Lamport",
  title =        "{\LaTeX}: {A} Document Preparation System",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  year =         "1986",
  address =      "Reading, Massachusetts",
}

@Article{lamport94,
  author =       "Leslie Lamport",
  title =        "The Temporal Logic of Actions",
  journal =      "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "872--923",
  shorttitle =   "ACM TOPLAS",
  archive =      "sue",
}

@InCollection{lang74,
  author =       "Bernard Lang",
  title =        "Deterministic Techniques for efficient
                 non-deterministic Parsers",
  booktitle =    "Automata, Languages and Programming",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  year =         "1974",
  editor =       "J. Loeckx",
  number =       "14",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  pages =        "255--269",
  address =      "Berlin, DE",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{lang88,
  author =       "Bernard Lang",
  title =        "Parsing Incomplete Sentences",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-88",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "365--371",
  archive =      "{pn (incomplete)},
                 {ChLoE}",
}

@InProceedings{lang89,
  author =       "Bernard Lang",
  title =        "A Generative View of Ill-Formed Input Processing",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of ATR Symposium on Basic Research for
                 Telephone Interpretation (ASTI). Kyoto, JP, 11-13 Dec
                 1989",
  year =         "1989",
  comment =      "generalizes all processing of ill-formed input as
                 processing of weighted grammars",
  archive =      "{pn (ill)}, {ChLoE}",
}

@InProceedings{lang92,
  author =       "Bernard Lang",
  title =        "Recognition can be Harder than Parsing",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 2{\/$^{nd}$} Int.\ Workshop on Tree
                 Adjoining Grammars. Philadelphia, PA, June 1992",
  year =         "1992",
  archive =      "{pn (harder)}, {ChLoE}",
}

@InProceedings{langer96,
  author =       "Hagen Langer",
  title =        "{D}isambiguierung von
                 {P}r{\"a}positionalkonstruktionen in einem
                 syntaktischen Parser: {M}m{\"o}glichkeiten und
                 {G}renzen",
  crossref =     "zzzkonvens-96pp",
  pages =        "23--31",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{lavie+tomita93,
  author =       "Alon Lavie and Masaru Tomita",
  title =        "{GLR$^*$} --- An Efficient Noise-Skipping Parsing
                 Algorithm for Context Free Grammars",
  pages =        "123--134",
  crossref =     "zzziwpt-93",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{lavie_etal97,
  author =       "Alon Lavie and Alex Waibel and others",
  title =        "{JANUS III}: Speech-to-Speech Translation in Multiple
                 Languages",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the Int.\ Conf.\ on Acoustics, Speech and
                 Signal Processing. Munich, DE, 1997",
  year =         "1997",
  shorttitle =   hdr # "ICASSP-97",
}

@TechReport{lawrence_etal95,
  author =       "S. Lawrence and C. Lee Giles and Sandiway Fong",
  title =        "On the Application of Neural Network and Machine
                 Learning Methodologies to Natural Language Processing",
  institution =  "Univ.\ of Maryland, Inst.\ for Advanced Computer
                 Studies",
  year =         "1995",
  number =       "CS-TR-3479",
  address =      "College Park, MD",
  archive =      "{pn (3479.ps)}",
}

@Article{lebowitz83,
  author =       "Michael Lebowitz",
  title =        "Memory-based parsing",
  journal =      "Artificial Intelligence",
  year =         "1983",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "363--404",
  keywords =     "IPP, conceptual parsing, lexicalist approach,
                 textsorte: zeitungstext",
}

@InProceedings{lecomte92,
  author =       "Alain Lecomte",
  title =        "Proof-Nets and Dependencies",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-92",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "394--400",
  keywords =     "ambiguity, categorial grammar, deductive reasoning,
                 dependency grammar, formal semantics, incremental
                 parsing, lambda calculus",
  comment =      "Hudson's Word Grammar as dependecy grammar",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{lee_etal95a,
  author =       "Kong J. Lee and Cheol J. Kweon and Jungyun Seo and Gil
                 C. Kim",
  title =        "A robust parser based on syntactic information",
  pages =        "223--228",
  crossref =     "zzzeacl-95",
  keywords =     "$algorithm$, chart parsing, evaluation, heuristics,
                 robustness, syntactic parsing, ungrammaticality",
  archive =      "hahn, {pn
                 (neweacl95.ps)}",
}

@InProceedings{lee_etal95b,
  author =       "WonIl Lee and Geunbae Lee and Jong-Hyeok Lee",
  title =        "Chart-driven Connectionist Categorial Parsing of
                 Spoken Korean",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the Int.\ Conf.\ on Computer Processing of
                 Oriental Languages. Honolulu, Hawaii, 23--25 Nov 1995",
  year =         "1995",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9511005}",
}

@InProceedings{lehtola_etal85,
  author =       "A. Lehtola and H. J{\"a}ppinen and E. Nelimarkka",
  title =        "Language-Based Environment for Natural Language
                 Parsing",
  crossref =     "zzzeacl-85",
  pages =        "98--106",
  keywords =     "dependency grammar, finite-state automaton, functional
                 grammar, grammar toolkit, linguistic toolkit, parser,
                 specification language, sprache: finnisch",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{lescaudron_etal91,
  author =       "Lo{\"i}c Lescaudron and Jean-Pierre Briot and Malik
                 Bouabsa",
  title =        "Prototyping Programming Environments for
                 Object-Oriented Concurrent Languages: {A}
                 {S}malltalk-Based Experience",
  pages =        "449--462",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 5{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ on the Technology of
                 Object-Oriented Languages and Systems (Tools Usa'91)",
  year =         "1991",
  publisher =    "Prentice-Hall",
  keywords =     "Actalk, visualization, scheduler, stepper",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{lesmo+torasso85,
  author =       "Leonardo Lesmo and Pietro Torasso",
  title =        "Weighted Interaction of Syntax and Semantics in
                 Natural Language Analysis",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-85",
  keywords =     "data base system, dependency grammar, garden path
                 sentence, ill-formed input, natural language interface,
                 parallelism, preference ranking, production rule,
                 semantics, sprache: italienisch, syntactic parsing,
                 syntax, weakly interactive model",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{li+abe96a,
  author =       "Hang Li and Naoki Abe",
  title =        "Learning Dependencies between Case Frame Slots",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-96",
  pages =        "10--15",
  comment =      "extended version archieved",
  archive =      "{cmp-lg/9605013}",
}

@InProceedings{li+abe96b,
  author =       "Hang Li and Naoki Abe",
  title =        "Clustering Words with the {MDL} Principle",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-96",
  pages =        "4--9",
  comment =      "extended version archieved",
  archive =      "{cmp-lg/9605014}",
}

@InProceedings{li96,
  author =       "Hang Li",
  title =        "A Probabilistic Disambiguation Method Based on
                 Psycholinguistic Principles",
  pages =        "141--154",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 4{\/$^{th}$} Workshop on Very Large
                 Corpora (IWVL 4)",
  year =         "1996",
  shorttitle =   hdr # "IWVL 4",
  comment =      "extended version archieved",
  archive =      "{cmp-lg/9606016}",
}

@InProceedings{lin93,
  author =       "Dekang Lin",
  title =        "Principle-based parsing without overgeneration",
  pages =        "112--120",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-93",
  archive =      "DS",
  keywords =     "government-binding grammar, object-oriented
                 programming, parsing",
}

@InProceedings{lin94,
  author =       "Dekang Lin",
  title =        "{PRINCIPAR} --- An efficient, broad-coverage,
                 principle-based parser",
  pages =        "482--488",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-94",
  archive =      "pn",
  keywords =     "government-binding grammar, object-oriented
                 programming, parsing",
}

@PhdThesis{lobin90,
  author =       "Henning Lobin",
  title =        "{K}oordinationssyntax {a}ls {p}rozedurales
                 {P}h{\"{a}}nomen. {E}ine {d}ependenzgrammatische
                 {U}ntersuchung {a}nhand {d}es {D}eutschen",
  school =       "Universit{\"a}t Bonn",
  address =      "Bonn",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InBook{lobin90c7,
  author =       "Henning Lobin",
  title =        "{K}oordinationssyntax {a}ls {p}rozedurales
                 {P}h{\"{a}}nomen. {E}ine {d}ependenzgrammatische
                 {U}ntersuchung {a}nhand {d}es {D}eutschen",
  chapter =      "7, Aspekte maschineller Verarbeitung",
  year =         "1990",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{lobin93,
  author =       "Henning Lobin",
  title =        "{K}oordinationssyntax {a}ls {p}rozedurales
                 {P}h{\"a}nomen",
  publisher =    "Gunter Narr Verlag",
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "46",
  series =       "Studien zur Deutschen Grammatik",
  address =      "T{\"u}bingen",
  archive =      "UBFR GE 93/6201",
}

@InProceedings{lombardo+lesmo92,
  author =       "V. Lombardo and L. Lesmo",
  title =        "The Assignment of Grammatical Relations in Natural
                 Language Processing",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-92",
  pages =        "1090--1094",
}

@InProceedings{lombardo+lesmo96,
  author =       "V. Lombardo and L. Lesmo",
  title =        "An {E}arley-type Recognizer for Dependency Grammar",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-96",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "723--728",
  comment =      "DG weakly equivalent CFG -> Earley-Parsing",
}

@InProceedings{lombardo92,
  author =       "Vincenzo Lombardo",
  title =        "Incremental dependency parsing",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-92",
  pages =        "291--293",
  keywords =     "dependency grammar, incremental parsing, parser,
                 parsing strategy, preference ranking, robustness,
                 sprache: italienisch, syntactic parsing, truth
                 maintenance system, unification grammar",
  comment =      "schoene Motivation f{\"u}r Dependenz-Grammatik [uh]",
}

@Manual{loom30,
  title =        "Release Notes",
  key =          "LOOM 3.0",
  organization = "Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern
                 California",
  address =      "Marina del Rey, CA",
  year =         "1996",
  note =         "{\\}http://www.isi.edu/isd/LOOM/documentation/loom3.0-release-notes.html",
  archive =      "{ISI}",
}

@TechReport{macgregor+bates87,
  author =       "Robert Mac Gregor and Raymond Bates",
  title =        "The {LOOM} Knowledge Representation Language",
  year =         "1987",
  institution =  "Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern
                 California",
  number =       "RS-87-188",
  series =       "ISI Reprint Series",
}

@InCollection{macgregor91,
  author =       "Robert Mac Gregor",
  title =        "The evolving technology of classification-based
                 knowledge representation systems",
  booktitle =    "Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in the
                 Representation of Knowledge",
  publisher =    "M. Kaufmann",
  year =         "1991",
  editor =       "John Sowa",
  chapter =      "13",
  pages =        "385--400",
  address =      "San Mateo, CA",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{macgregor94,
  author =       "Robert Mac Gregor",
  title =        "A Description Classifier for the Predicate Calculus",
  crossref =     "zzzaaai-94",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "213--220",
}

@InProceedings{magerman+marcus91,
  author =       "David M. Magerman and Mitchell P. Marcus",
  title =        "{\(\mathcal{P}\)}earl: {A} Probabilistic Chart
                 Parser",
  crossref =     "zzziwpt-91",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9405005}",
}

@InProceedings{magerman+weir92,
  author =       "David M. Magerman and Carl Weir",
  title =        "Efficiency, robustness and accuracy in {P}icky chart
                 parsing",
  pages =        "40--47",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-92",
  keywords =     "$algorithm$, chart parsing, context-free grammar, cyk
                 algorithm, efficiency, probability theory, robustness",
  archive =      "DS, pn",
}

@InProceedings{magerman95,
  author =       "David M. Magerman",
  title =        "Statistical Decision-Tree Models for Parsing",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-95",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9504030}",
}

@InProceedings{mahesh+eiselt94,
  author =       "Kavi Mahesh and Kurt P. Eiselt",
  title =        "Uniform Refpresentations for Syntax-Semantics
                 Arbitration",
  crossref =     "zzzcogsci-94",
  pages =        "589--594",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9408018}",
}

@InProceedings{mahesh94,
  author =       "Kavi Mahesh",
  title =        "Reaping the Benefits of interactive Syntax and
                 Semantics",
  pages =        "310--312",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-94",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{mahesh94a,
  author =       "Kavi Mahesh",
  title =        "Building a Parser that can Afford to Interact with
                 Semantics",
  crossref =     "zzzaaai-94",
  pages =        "1473",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{manna+pnueli92,
  author =       "Zohar Manna and Amir Pnueli",
  title =        "The Temporal Logic of Reactive and Concurrent
                 Systems",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  year =         "1992",
  address =      "New York, NY",
  archive =      "sue",
}

@MastersThesis{manning87,
  author =       "C. R. Manning",
  title =        "Acore: The Design of a Core Actor Language and its
                 Compiler",
  school =       "EE and CS Dept., MIT",
  year =         "1987",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  type =         "Revised Master Thesis",
  comment =      "actor implementation",
}

@Misc{marcken96,
  author =       "Carl de Marcken",
  title =        "Linguistic Structure as Composition and Perturbation",
  howpublished = "cmp-lg/9606027",
  year =         "1996",
  comment =      "learning a lexicon from raw text/speech.",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9606027}",
}

@Book{marcus80,
  author =       "M. Marcus",
  title =        "A Theory of Syntactic Recognition for Natural
                 Language",
  year =         "1980",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@TechReport{marino92,
  author =       "Massimo Marino",
  title =        "Process Grammar Processor: An Architecture for a
                 Parallel Parser",
  institution =  "International Computer Science Institute",
  year =         "1992",
  number =       "TR-92-054",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  archive =      "{pn (tr-92-054)}",
}

@Book{martin90,
  author =       "James H. Martin",
  title =        "A Computational Model of Metaphor Interpretation",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  year =         "1990",
  address =      "San Diego",
}

@InProceedings{maruyama90,
  author =       "Hiroshi Maruyama",
  title =        "Structural Disambiguation with Constraint
                 Propagation",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-90",
  pages =        "31--38",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{maruyama_etal90,
  author =       "Hiroshi Maruyama and Hideo Watanabe and Shiho Ogino",
  title =        "An interactive Japanese parser for machine
                 translation",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-90",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "257--262",
  keywords =     "constraint propagation, dependency grammar,
                 interactive system, machine translation system,
                 morphological analysis, parser, sprache: englisch,
                 sprache: japanisch, syntactic parsing",
  comment =      "user interactions help produce a correct parse tree
                 [uh]",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@PhdThesis{matsumoto89,
  author =       "Yuji Matsumoto",
  title =        "Natural Language Parsing Systems based on Logic
                 Programming",
  school =       "Kyoto University",
  address =      "Kyoto, JP",
  year =         "1989",
  keywords =     "PROLOG, logic grammar, logic programming, parallelism,
                 parser",
  comment =      "Stellt BUP und SAX Parsing vor, sowie das parallele
                 PAX Parsing",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{matsuo_etal94,
  author =       "Yoshihiro Matsuo and Satoshi Shirai and Akio Yokodo
                 and Satoru Ikehara",
  title =        "Direct Parse Tree Translation in cooperation with the
                 Transfer Method",
  crossref =     "zzznemlap-94",
  pages =        "144--149",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{matsuoka+yonezawa93,
  author =       "Satoshi Matsuoka and Akinori Yonezawa",
  title =        "Analysis of inheritance anomaly in object-oriented
                 concurrent programming languages",
  pages =        "107--150",
  booktitle =    "Research Directions in Concurrent Object-Oriented
                 Programming",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1993",
  editor =       "G. Agha and P. Wegner and A. Yonezawa",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  archive =      "DS, sue",
  keywords =     "concurrency, inheritance, inheritance anomaly,
                 object-oriented programming, synchronization",
}

@InCollection{mccord90,
  author =       "Michael C. McCord",
  title =        "{S}lot {G}rammar: {A} System for Simpler Construction
                 of Practical Natural Language Grammars",
  booktitle =    "Natural Language and Logic",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  year =         "1990",
  editor =       "R. Studer",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  pages =        "118--145",
  address =      "New York, NY",
  keywords =     "PROLOG, slot grammar",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Unpublished{mehl94,
  author =       "Stephan Mehl",
  title =        "Kognitives Parsing: Zur Interaktion von Syntax und
                 Semantik",
  note =         "{\\}http://verdi.uni-duisburg.de/Veroeffentlichungen/Kogn\_Parsing.ps.Z",
  year =         "1994",
  month =        oct,
  archive =      "pn, {Kogn_Parsing}",
}

@InProceedings{mehl_etal96,
  author =       "Stephan Mehl and Andreas Mertens and Marion Schulz",
  title =        "Zur {D}isambiguierung von {P}r{\"a}positionen und
                 {P}r{\"a}positionalphrasen",
  crossref =     "zzzkonvens-96pp",
  pages =        "7--12",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{melcuk88,
  author =       "I. A. Mel{'\v{c}}uk",
  title =        "Dependency Syntax: Theory and Practice",
  publisher =    "SUNY State University Press of New York",
  year =         "1988",
  address =      "New York, NY",
}

@InCollection{mellish83,
  author =       "Chris S. Mellish",
  title =        "Incremental semantic interpretation in a modular
                 parsing system",
  booktitle =    "Automatic Natural Language Parsing",
  publisher =    "E. Horwood",
  year =         "1983",
  editor =       "K. Sparck Jones and Y. Wilks",
  pages =        "148--155",
  address =      "Chichester, UK",
  keywords =     "conceptual parsing, incremental processing,
                 modularity, parser, semantic interpretation",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@InProceedings{mellish89,
  author =       "Chris S. Mellish",
  title =        "Some Chart-Based Techniques for Parsing Ill-Formed
                 Input",
  pages =        "102--109",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-89",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{menzel94,
  author =       "Wolfgang Menzel",
  title =        "Parsing of spoken language under time constraints.",
  crossref =     "zzzecai-94",
  pages =        "560--564",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{menzel95,
  author =       "Wolfgang Menzel",
  title =        "Robust Processing of Natural Language",
  crossref =     "zzzki-95",
}

@InProceedings{metzler_etal84,
  author =       "D. P. Metzler and T. Noreault and L. Richey and B.
                 Heidorn",
  title =        "Dependency Parsing for Information Retrieval",
  crossref =     "zzzbcs-84",
  pages =        "313--324",
  keywords =     "dependency grammar, ill-formed input, information
                 retrieval, noun phrase, partial parsing, syntactic
                 parsing",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{miller96,
  author =       "Geoffrey F. Miller",
  title =        "A Review of Sexual Selection and Human Evolution: How
                 Mate Choice shaped Human Nature",
  booktitle =    "Evolution and Human Behoviour: Ideas, Issues, and
                 Applications",
  publisher =    "L. Erlbaum",
  year =         "probably 1996",
  editor =       "C. Crawford and D. Krebs",
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  comment =      "mpipf-muenchen, Gigerenzer",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{milner91,
  author =       "Robin Milner",
  title =        "The Polyadic {$\pi$}-Calculus: {A} Tutorial",
  booktitle =    "Logic and Algebra of Specification",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  address =      "Heidelberg",
  year =         "1993",
  editor =       "F. L. Hamer and W. Brauer and H. Schwichtenberg",
  archive =      "{pn
                 (ECS-LFCS-91-180.ps)}",
}

@InProceedings{milward+cooper94,
  author =       "David Milward and Robin Cooper",
  title =        "Incremental Interpretation: Applications, Theory, and
                 Relationship to Dynamic Semantics",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-94",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "748--754",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{milward92,
  author =       "David Milward",
  title =        "Dynamics, Dependency Grammar and Incremental
                 Interpretation",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-92",
  pages =        "1095--1099",
  archive =      "pn, {ddgc92}",
}

@InProceedings{milward94,
  author =       "David Milward",
  title =        "Non-Constituent Coordination: Theory and Practice",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-94",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "935--941",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{milward94a,
  author =       "David Milward",
  title =        "Dynamic Dependency Grammar",
  journal =      "Linguistics and Philosophy",
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "17",
  pages =        "561--604",
  note =         "(Special Issue on Mathematics of Language)",
  archive =      "pn, {landpddg}",
}

@InProceedings{milward95,
  author =       "David Milward",
  title =        "Incremental Interpretation of Categorial Grammar",
  crossref =     "zzzeacl-95",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9503015}",
}

@InCollection{minsky75,
  author =       "Marvin Minsky",
  title =        "A framework for representing knowledge",
  booktitle =    "The Psychology of Computer Vision",
  publisher =    "McGraw-Hill",
  year =         "1975",
  editor =       "P. H. Winston",
  pages =        "211--277",
  keywords =     "frames, natural language understanding, pattern
                 matching, search, vision",
  comment =      "Originalpapier zur Frame-Theorie (reichlich viel
                 Prosa) [uh]",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@InProceedings{minton_etal85,
  author =       "Steven Minton and Philip J. Hayes and Jill Fain",
  title =        "Controlling search in flexible parsing",
  pages =        "785--787",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-85",
  keywords =     "MULTIPAR, case frame, structure, distributed system,
                 parallelism, parsing, search, ungrammaticality",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{mitchell82,
  author =       "Don C. Mitchell",
  title =        "The Process of Reading",
  publisher =    "J. Wiley",
  year =         "1982",
  address =      "New York, NY",
}

@InCollection{mitchell87,
  author =       "Don C. Mitchell",
  title =        "Reading and syntactic analysis",
  booktitle =    "Cognitive Approaches to Reading",
  publisher =    "J. Wiley",
  year =         "1987",
  editor =       "J. R. Beech and A. M. Colley",
  pages =        "87--112",
  address =      "Chichester, UK",
  keywords =     "ACT, aphasia, augmented transition network,
                 connectionism, deterministic parsing, heuristics,
                 lexical functional grammar, parser, parsing strategy,
                 psycholinguistics, syntactic parsing, word experts",
  comment =      "{\"U}bersicht zu psycholinguist. plausiblen Parsing;
                 fast nicht zum Lesen [uh]",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@InProceedings{miyoshi+furukawa85,
  author =       "Hideo Miyoshi and Koichi Furukawa",
  title =        "Object-oriented parser in the logic programming
                 language {ESP}",
  year =         "1985",
  editor =       "V. Dahl and P. Saint-Dizier",
  booktitle =    "Natural Language Understanding and Logic Programming;
                 Proc.\ of the 1{\/$^{st}$} Int.\ Workshop. Rennes,
                 France, 18--20 Sep 1984",
  shorttitle =   "Natural Language Understanding and Logic Programming",
  publisher =    "North-Holland",
  pages =        "107--119",
  address =      "Amsterdam, NL",
  keywords =     "classification, data abstraction, generalization,
                 implementation, inheritance, logic programming
                 language, message passing, object-centered
                 representation, parser",
}

@InProceedings{moldovan+harabagiu96,
  author =       "Dan I. Moldovan and Sanda M. Harabagiu",
  title =        "A Marker Propagation Text Understanding and Inference
                 System",
  crossref =     "zzzflairs-96",
  pages =        "55--59",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@TechReport{moorman+ram94,
  author =       "Kenneth Moorman and Ashwin Ram",
  title =        "A Functional Theory of Creative Reading",
  institution =  "College of Computing, Georgia Inst.\ of Technology",
  year =         "1994",
  number =       "GIT-CC-94/01",
  address =      "Atlanta, GA",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{mori96,
  author =       "Yoshiki Mori",
  title =        "Multiple Discourse Relations on the Sentential Level
                 in Japanese",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-96",
  pages =        "788--793",
  archive =      "{cmp-lg/9607033}",
}

@Article{muller+sternefeld93,
  author =       "Gereon M{\"u}ller and Wolfgang Sternefeld",
  title =        "Improper Movement and Unambiguous Binding",
  journal =      "Linguistic Inquiry",
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "461--507",
  comment =      "Freedom of scrambling in German, Japanes and Russian",
}

@InProceedings{muraki_etal85,
  author =       "K. Muraki and Sh. Ichiyama and Y. Fukumochi",
  title =        "Augmented Dependency Grammar: {A} Simple Interface
                 between the Grammar Rule and the Knowledge",
  crossref =     "zzzeacl-85",
  pages =        "198--204",
  keywords =     "case grammar, dependency grammar, implementation,
                 knowledge representation, machine translation system,
                 semantic interpretation, sprache: englisch, sprache:
                 japanisch, syntactic parsing",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{nagao90,
  author =       "Katashi Nagao",
  title =        "Dependency Analyzer: {A} Knowledge-Based Approach to
                 Structural Disambiguation",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-90",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "282--287",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{nederhof94,
  author =       "Mark-Jan Nederhof",
  title =        "An Optimal Tabular Parsing Algorithm",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-94",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9405025}",
}

@InProceedings{nelimarkka_etal84,
  author =       "Esa Nelimarkka and Harri J{\"a}ppinen and Aarno
                 Lehtola",
  title =        "Two-Way Finite Automata and Dependency Grammar: {A}
                 Parsing Method for Inflectional Free Word Order
                 Languages",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-84",
  pages =        "389--392",
  keywords =     "case frame, case grammar, dependency grammar,
                 finite-state automaton, free word order, parsing,
                 sprache: finnisch",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{nelimarkka_etal85,
  author =       "Esa Nelimarkka and Harri J{\"a}ppinen and Aarno
                 Lehtola",
  title =        "Parsing an Inflectional Free Word Order Language with
                 Two-Way Finite Automata",
  crossref =     "zzzecai-84",
  pages =        "325--334",
  keywords =     "control knowledge, control structure, dependency
                 grammar, finite-state automaton, free word order,
                 parser, parsing, sprache: finnisch",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{neuhaus+broker97,
  author =       "Peter Neuhaus and Norbert Br{\"o}ker",
  title =        "The Complexity of Recognition of Linguistically
                 Adequate Dependency Grammars",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-97",
  pages =        "8",
}

@InProceedings{neuhaus+hahn96a,
  author =       "Peter Neuhaus and Udo Hahn",
  title =        "Trading off Completeness for Efficiency --- The {{\sc
                 ParseTalk}} Performance Grammar Approach to Real-World
                 Text Parsing",
  crossref =     "zzzflairs-96",
  pages =        "60--65",
  archive =      "pn (flairs96.ps)",
}

@InProceedings{neuhaus+hahn96b,
  author =       "Peter Neuhaus and Udo Hahn",
  title =        "Restricted Parallelism in Object-oriented Lexical
                 Parsing",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-96",
  pages =        "502--507",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{neuhaus90,
  author =       "Peter Neuhaus",
  title =        "Solving the Mapping-Problem --- Experiences with a
                 Genetic Algorithm",
  booktitle =    "Parallel Problem Solving from Nature; Proc.\ of the
                 1{\/$^{st}$} Int.\ Workshop. Dortmund, FRG, 1--3 Oct
                 1990",
  shorttitle =   "Parallel Problem Solving from Nature",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  year =         "1990",
  editor =       "Hans-Paul Schwefel and Reinhard M{\"a}nner",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  number =       "496",
  pages =        "170--175",
  address =      "Heidelberg",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{neuhaus91,
  author =       "Peter Neuhaus and O. Furuse and H. Iida",
  title =        "Unification-Based Parsing on Increasing Levels of
                 Parallelism",
  booktitle =    "Information Processing Society of Japan SIG Notes
                 91-NL-85",
  shorttitle =   "IPSJ SIG Notes 91-NL-85",
  pages =        "41--48",
  year =         "1991",
  address =      "Sendai",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@MastersThesis{neuhaus92,
  author =       "Peter Neuhaus",
  title =        "{Z}weischichtige {G}rammatiken der {I}nformatik und
                 {C}omputer-{L}inguistik im {V}ergleich",
  type =         "Diploma thesis",
  school =       "Faculty of Computer Science, Karlsruhe University",
  year =         "1992",
  address =      "Karlsruhe",
}

@PhdThesis{neuhaus97,
  author =       "Peter Neuhaus",
  title =        "Nebenl{\"a}ufiges Parsing --- Ein lexikalisch
                 verteiltes Verfahren zur performanzgrammatischen
                 Analyse beim Textverstehen",
  school =       "Fakult{\"a}t f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften,
                 Albert-Ludwigs-Universit{\"a}t",
  year =         "(in Vorbereitung) 1997",
  address =      "Freiburg, DE",
  type =         "Dissertation",
}

@InProceedings{niehren94,
  author =       "Joachim Niehren and Gert Smolka",
  title =        "A Confluent Relational Calculus for Higher-Order
                 Programming with Constraints",
  editor =       "Jean-Pierre Jouannaud",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of 1{\/$^{st}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on Constraints in
                 Computational Logics. M{\"u}nchen, 1994",
  shorttitle =   "Proc.\ of 1{\/$^{st}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on Constraints in
                 Computational Logics",
  year =         "1994",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{nierstrasz89,
  author =       "Oscar Nierstrasz",
  title =        "A survey of object-oriented concepts",
  year =         "1989",
  editor =       "W. Kim and F. H. Lochovsky",
  booktitle =    "Object-Oriented Concepts, Databases, and
                 Applications",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
  pages =        "3--21",
}

@Article{nii86a,
  author =       "H. Penny Nii",
  title =        "Blackboard Systems: The Blackboard Model of Problem
                 Solving and the Evolution of Blackboard Architectures",
  journal =      "AI Magazine",
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "38--53",
}

@Article{nii86b,
  author =       "H. Penny Nii",
  title =        "Blackboard Systems: Blackboard Application Systems,
                 Blackboard Systems from a Knowledge Engineering
                 Perspective",
  journal =      "AI Magazine",
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "82--106",
}

@InCollection{nii89,
  author =       "H. Penny Nii",
  title =        "Blackboard Systems",
  booktitle =    "The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
  year =         "1989",
  editor =       "A. Barr and P. R. Cohen and E. A. Feigenbaum",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "1--82",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@InCollection{nijholt94,
  author =       "Anton Nijholt",
  title =        "Parallel approaches to context-free language parsing",
  crossref =     "zzadriaens+hahn94",
  chapter =      "2",
  pages =        "135--167",
  keywords =     "chart parsing, context-free grammar, cyk algorithm,
                 earley algorithm, parallelism, syntactic parsing",
}

@Book{nilsson+maluszynaski95,
  author =       "Ulf Nilsson and Jan Maluszynaski",
  title =        "Logic, Programming and Prolog",
  publisher =    "J. Wiley",
  year =         "1995",
  address =      "New York, NY",
}

@Book{nilsson80,
  author =       "Nils J. Nilsson",
  title =        "Principles of Artificial Intelligence",
  publisher =    "Tioga Publishing Company",
  year =         "1980",
  address =      "Palo Alto, CA",
}

@InProceedings{niv93,
  author =       "Michael Niv",
  title =        "Resolution of Syntactic Ambiguity: the Case of New
                 Subjects",
  crossref =     "zzzcogsci-93",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9406028}",
}

@InProceedings{numaoka90,
  author =       "Chisato Numaoka and Mario Tokoro",
  title =        "Decentralized Parsing Method using Communicating
                 Multiple Concurrent Objects",
  pages =        "159--166",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 2{\/$^{nd}$} Int.\ Conf.\ TOOLS. Paris,
                 FR. 1990",
  shorttitle =   "TOOLS 2",
  year =         "1990",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{nunberg90,
  author =       "Geoffrey Nunberg",
  title =        "The Linguistics of Punctuation",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Article{owicki+lamport82,
  author =       "Susan Owicki and Leslie Lamport",
  title =        "Proving Liveness Properties of Concurrent Programs",
  journal =      "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  year =         "1982",
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "455--495",
  keywords =     "concurrent computation, program correctness,
                 synchronization, temporal logic, termination",
  archive =      "kle P 82/1",
}

@InProceedings{palmer+hearst94,
  author =       "David D. Palmer and Marti A. Hearst",
  title =        "Adaptive Sentence Boundary Disambiguation",
  crossref =     "zzzanlp-94",
  pages =        "78--83",
}

@Book{papegaaij86,
  author =       "B. C. Papegaaij",
  title =        "Word Expert Semantics",
  publisher =    "FORIS Publications",
  year =         "1986",
  number =       "1",
  series =       "Distributed Language Translation",
  address =      "Dodrecht, The Nederlands",
  keywords =     "machine translation, word experts",
  archive =      "IIG (KK 460/31), pn (Chap. 3)",
}

@Book{parsaye_etal89,
  author =       "Kamran Parsaye and Mark Chignell and Setrag Khoshafian
                 and Harry Wong",
  title =        "Intelligent Databases: Object-Oriented, Deductive
                 Hypermedia Technologies",
  publisher =    "J. Wiley",
  year =         "1989",
  address =      "New York, NY",
  comment =      "conceptual retrieval",
  archive =      "FRUB (NA 90-444)",
}

@InProceedings{pedersen+chen95,
  author =       "Ted Pedersen and Weidong Chen",
  title =        "Lexical Acquisition via Constraint Solving",
  booktitle =    "Working Notes of AAAI Spring Symposium on
                 Representation and Acquisition of Lexical Knowledge.
                 Palo Alto, CA, 27--29 Mar 1995",
  year =         "1995",
  shorttitle =   hdr # "AAAI Spring Symposium",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9502028}",
}

@InProceedings{pennstein-rose+waibel94,
  author =       "Carolyn Penstein Ros{\'e} and Alex Waibel",
  title =        "Recovering From Parser Failures: {A} Hybrid
                 Statistical/Symbolic Approach",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-94",
  note =         "Balancing Act workshop",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9407025}",
}

@Book{pereira+shieber87,
  author =       "Fernando C. N. Pereira and Stuart M. Shieber",
  title =        "Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  year =         "1987",
  number =       "10",
  series =       "CSLI Lecture Notes",
  address =      "Chicago, IL",
  keywords =     "PROLOG, compiler, context-free grammar, definite
                 clause grammar, logic programming, meta-programming,
                 parsing, question-answering system, semantic
                 interpretation, syntax",
  comment =      "Standard-Einf{\"u}hrung in log. Parsing und Prolog",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@InProceedings{pereira85,
  author =       "Fernando C. N. Pereira",
  title =        "A Structure-Sharing Representation for
                 Unification-Based Grammar Formalisms",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-85",
  pages =        "137--144",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{pereira90,
  author =       "Fernando C. N. Pereira",
  title =        "Categorial Semantics and Scoping",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--10",
}

@InCollection{phillips84,
  author =       "Brian Phillips",
  title =        "An object-oriented parser.",
  year =         "1984",
  editor =       "B. G. Bara and G. Guida",
  booktitle =    "Computational Models of Natural Language Processing",
  publisher =    "North-Holland",
  address =      "Amsterdam, NL",
  pages =        "297--321",
}

@InProceedings{pickering_etal96,
  author =       "Martin J. Pickering and Simon P. Liversedge and Holly
                 P. Branigan and Roger P. G. van Gompel",
  title =        "Context Effects on the Processing of Adjuncts and
                 Arguments",
  pages =        "94",
  booktitle =    "Abstracts of the 9{\/$^{th}$} {CUNNY} Conf.\ on Human
                 Sentence Processing. New York, NY, 21--23 Mar 1996",
  year =         "1996",
  comment =      "Der syntaktischen Praeferenz widersprechendes
                 Kontextpriming fuehrt zu parallelen Analysen",
  archive =      "pn, IIG Lars",
}

@Article{plotkin76,
  author =       "Gordon D. Plotkin",
  title =        "A powerdomain construction",
  year =         "1976",
  journal =      "SIAM Journal of Computing",
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "452--487",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{poesio+rullent87,
  author =       "Massimo Poesio and Claudio Rullent",
  title =        "Modified caseframe parsing for speech understanding
                 systems",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-87",
  pages =        "622--625",
  keywords =     "blackboard, case frame, dependency grammar, semantic
                 network, speech parsing, speech understanding system,
                 syntax",
}

@Book{pollard+sag94,
  author =       "C. Pollard and I. A. Sag",
  title =        "Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  year =         "1994",
  address =      "Chicago, IL",
  keywords =     "head-driven phrase structure grammar, inheritance",
  archive =      "IIG (KK 460-50)",
}

@Book{prince+smolensky95,
  author =       "A. Prince and P. Smolensky",
  title =        "Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in
                 Generative Grammar",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1995",
  series =       "Linguistic Inquiry Monograph Series",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
}

@Article{quantum92,
  author =       "Holger Lengner",
  title =        "Festplatten von 80 bis 120{MB}: {Q}uantum {P}ro{D}rive
                 {LPS 105AT}",
  journal =      "PC Praxis",
  year =         "1992",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "54",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Misc{quantz95,
  author =       "J. Joachim Quantz",
  title =        "An {HPSG} Parser Based on Description Logics",
  howpublished = "cmp-lg/9501003",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9501003}",
}

@InCollection{rambow+joshi94,
  author =       "Owen Rambow and Aravind K. Joshi",
  title =        "A Processing Model for Free Word Order Languages",
  booktitle =    "Perspectives on Sentence Processing",
  publisher =    "L. Erlbaum",
  year =         "1994",
  editor =       "Jr. {C. Clifton, C.} and L. Frazier and K. Rayner",
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9504011}",
}

@InCollection{rambow+joshi94dg,
  author =       "O. Rambow and A. K. Joshi",
  title =        "A Formal Look at Dependency Grammars and
                 Phrase-Structure Grammars, with Special Consideration
                 of Word-Order Phenomena",
  booktitle =    "Current Issues in Meaning-Text Theory",
  publisher =    "Pinter",
  year =         "1994",
  editor =       "Leo Wanner",
  address =      "London, UK",
  keywords =     "dependency grammar, formal grammar, formal
                 specification, phrase structure grammar",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9410007}",
}

@InProceedings{rambow+satta92,
  author =       "Owen Rambow and Giorgio Satta",
  title =        "Formal Properties of Non-Locality",
  crossref =     "zzztag-92",
  comment =      "MC-TAG np-complete",
}

@Misc{rambow95,
  author =       "Owen Rambow",
  title =        "Pragmatic Aspects of Scrambling and Topicalization in
                 {G}erman: {A} Centering Approach",
  year =         "1995",
  comment =      "d. Strube",
  archive =      "{pn
                 (centering.ps)}",
}

@InProceedings{rau+jacobs88,
  author =       "Lisa F. Rau and Paul S. Jacobs",
  title =        "Integrating Top-Down and Bottom-Up Strategies in a
                 Text Processing System",
  crossref =     "zzzanlp-88",
  pages =        "129--135",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{rayner+carter96,
  author =       "Manny Rayner and David Carter",
  title =        "Fast Parsing using Pruning and Grammar
                 Specialization",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-96",
  pages =        "8",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9604017}",
}

@InProceedings{reimer+hahn83,
  author =       "Ulrich Reimer and Udo Hahn",
  title =        "A formal approach to the semantics of a frame data
                 model",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-83",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "337--339",
  comment =      "in erweiterter Fassung erschienen als Bericht TOPIC
                 3/83, Univ. Konstanz, Informationswissenschaft, Juli
                 1983, 32pp",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{reimer+hahn88,
  author =       "Ulrich Reimer and Udo Hahn",
  title =        "Text Condensation as Knowledge Base Abstraction",
  crossref =     "zzzcaia-88",
  pages =        "3338--344",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{reimer91,
  author =       "Ulrich Reimer",
  title =        "Einf{\"u}hrung in die Wissensrepr{\"a}sentation",
  publisher =    "Teubner",
  year =         "1991",
  series =       "Leitf{\"a}den der angewandten Informatik",
  address =      "Stuttgart, DE",
  keywords =     "semantische Netze, Frames, Scripts",
  archive =      "UBFR (NA 91/295)",
}

@InProceedings{reyle95,
  author =       "Uwe Reyle",
  title =        "On reasoning with ambiguities",
  pages =        "1--8",
  crossref =     "zzzeacl-95",
  keywords =     "ambiguity, deductive reasoning, discourse
                 representation theory, inference rule, quantifier,
                 semantic interpretation",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@InProceedings{richter+sailer96,
  author =       "Frank Richter and Manfred Sailer",
  title =        "Syntax f{\"u}r eine unterspezifizierte {S}emantik:
                 {PP}-{A}nbindung in einem deutschen {HPSG}-{F}ragment",
  crossref =     "zzzkonvens-96pp",
  pages =        "39--47",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{rieger+small81,
  author =       "Chuck Rieger and Steve Small",
  title =        "Toward a Theory of Distributed Word Expert Natural
                 Language Parsing",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics",
  year =         "1981",
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "43--51",
  keywords =     "cognitive science, conceptual parsing, control
                 structure, disambiguation, implementation, procedural
                 knowledge, production rule, word experts",
}

@InCollection{riesbeck+martin86,
  author =       "Christopher K. Riesbeck and Charles E Martin",
  title =        "Direct memory access parsing",
  booktitle =    "Experience, Memory and Reasoning",
  publisher =    "L. Erlbaum",
  year =         "1986",
  editor =       "J. L. Kolodner and C. K. Riesbeck",
  pages =        "209--226",
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  keywords =     "conceptual parsing, diskurs: oekonomie, episodic
                 memory, marker passing, memory-access parsing,
                 memory-based reasoning, parallelism, parser, search",
}

@InCollection{riesbeck+schank78,
  author =       "Christopher K. Riesbeck and Roger C. Schank",
  title =        "Comprehension by computer: Expectation-based analysis
                 of sentences in context",
  booktitle =    "Studies in the Perception of Language",
  publisher =    "J. Wiley",
  year =         "1978",
  editor =       "W. J. M. Levelt and G. B. Flores d'Arcais",
  pages =        "247--293",
  address =      "New York, NY",
  keywords =     "ELI, SAM, conceptual dependency, conceptual parsing,
                 control structure, discourse context, inference,
                 lexicalist approach, production system, scripts, text
                 parsing, textsorte: zeitungstext",
}

@Article{rihaczek96,
  author =       "Karl Rihaczek",
  title =        "Die {US}-{K}ryptoinitiaitve",
  journal =      "Datenschutz und Datensicherheit",
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "602--611",
  keywords =     "escrow, international regulation",
  archive =      "pn, IIG",
}

@InProceedings{robinson74,
  author =       "Jane J. Robinson",
  title =        "Performance grammars",
  editor =       "D. Raj Reddy",
  pages =        "401--427",
  booktitle =    "Speech Recognition; Invited Papers Presented at the
                 1974 IEEE Symposium",
  year =         "1975",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "New York, NY",
  keywords =     "discourse analysis, generative linguistics, grammar
                 theory, language performance, passive",
  comment =      "Argumente f{\"u}r eine performanzorient.
                 Grammatikmodellierung",
  archive =      "FRUB (GE 76/4076)",
}

@Article{robinson75,
  author =       "Jane J. Robinson",
  title =        "A tuneable performance grammar",
  year =         "1975",
  journal =      "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
  note =         "microfiche {\#}34",
  pages =        "19--33",
  comment =      "Kombination von Evidenzen f.Parsing-Ergebnisse auf
                 d.Basis von qualitativen Marken --> priority ranking",
  keywords =     "context-free grammar, language performance, preference
                 ranking, production rule, production system, sprache:
                 englisch",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@Article{ruge_etal91,
  author =       "Gerda Ruge and Christoph Schwarz and Amy J. Warner",
  title =        "Effectiveness and Efficiency in Natural Language
                 Processing for Large Amounts of Text",
  journal =      "Journal of the American Society for Information
                 Science",
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "450--456",
  keywords =     "applied natural language processing, dependency
                 grammar, efficiency, parsing, text analysis, textsorte:
                 volltext",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{russell+zilberstein91,
  author =       "Stuart J. Russell and Shlomo Zilberstein",
  title =        "Composing real-time systems",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-91",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "212--217",
  keywords =     "anytime algorithm, compiler, real-time processing,
                 scheduling, system performance",
  comment =      "Standardarbeit f. anytime algos [uh]",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Misc{sag95,
  author =       "Ivan A. Sag",
  title =        "Taking Performance Seriously",
  howpublished = "{\\}http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk:80/\~{}chrisbr/papers/others/Ps/taking-performance-seriously.ps",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "Will be substituted by a paper by Bob Carpenter, Mike
                 Tanenhaus and Ivan Sag (pers.comm.)",
  archive =      "{pn}",
}

@InProceedings{saito+tomita88,
  author =       "Hiroaki Saito and Masaru Tomita",
  title =        "Parsing Noisy Sentences",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "561--566",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-88",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{sarkar+joshi96,
  author =       "Anoop Sarkar and Aravind Joshi",
  title =        "Coordination in Tree Adjoining Grammars: Formalization
                 and Implementation",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-96",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9606006}",
}

@InProceedings{satta+stock89,
  author =       "Giorgio Satta and Oliviero Stock",
  title =        "Formal Properties and Implementation of Bidirectional
                 Charts",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "1480--1485",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-89",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{satta+stock94,
  author =       "Giorgio Satta and Oliviero Stock",
  title =        "Bidirectional Context-Free Grammar Parsing for Natural
                 Language Processing",
  journal =      "Artificial Intelligence",
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "69",
  pages =        "123--164",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{scha90,
  author =       "R. Scha",
  title =        "Taaltheorie en taaltechnologie: competence en
                 performance",
  booktitle =    "Computertoepassingen in de Neerlandistiek",
  publisher =    "Landelijke Vereniging van Neerlandici",
  year =         "1990",
  editor =       "Q. A. M. de Kort and G. L. J. Leerdam",
  series =       "LVVN-jaarboek",
  pages =        "7--22",
  address =      "Almere",
  note =         "[Language theory and language technology: Competence
                 and Performance] in Dutch",
  keywords =     "language competence, language performance, statistics,
                 text corpus",
  comment =      "heftige Kritik am Konzept kompetenzorient. Grammatiken
                 --> statist. Modelle f. Performanzgrammatiken",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@InProceedings{schabes91,
  author =       "Yves Schabes",
  title =        "Polynomial Time and Space Shift-Reduce Parsing of
                 Arbitrary Context-free Grammars",
  pages =        "106--113",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-91",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{schabes_etal88,
  author =       "Y. Schabes and A. Abeille and A. K. Joshi",
  title =        "Parsing Strategies with 'Lexicalized' Grammars:
                 Application to {TAG}s",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-88",
  pages =        "578--583",
  keywords =     "lexicalist approach, parsing strategy, syntactic
                 parsing, tree adjoining grammar",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{schacht95,
  author =       "Susanne Schacht",
  title =        "Proving Properties of Actor Programs Using Temporal
                 Logic",
  year =         "1995",
  editor =       "G. Agha and F. De Cindio",
  publisher =    "Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Milano",
  address =      "Milan, IT",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the Workshop on Object-Oriented Programming
                 and Models of Concurrency at the 16{\/$^{th}$} Int.\
                 Conf.\ on Application and Theory of Petri Nets. Torino,
                 Italy, 26--30 Jun 1995",
  shorttitle =   "Proc.\ of the Workshop on Object-Oriented Programming
                 and Models of Concurrency at the 16{\/$^{th}$} Int.\
                 Conf.\ on Application and Theory of Petri Nets",
  note =         "{\\}http://www.dsi.unimi.it/Users/Labs/PetriLab/ws95/abstract/sue.html",
  archive =      "{CLIF}",
}

@InProceedings{schacht96,
  author =       "Susanne Schacht",
  title =        "Formal reasoning about Actor Programs using temporal
                 logic",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 3{\/$^{rd}$} Int.\ Workshop on
                 Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages. New
                 Brunswick, NJ, 24--25 Jul 1996",
  year =         "1996",
  shorttitle =   hdr # "FOOL 3",
  archive =      "pn, {CLIF}",
}

@InProceedings{schacht_etal94,
  author =       "Susanne Schacht and Udo Hahn and Norbert
                 Br{\"{o}}ker",
  title =        "Concurrent lexicalized dependency parsing: a
                 behavioral view on {{\sc ParseTalk}} events.",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-94",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "489--493",
  archive =      "{CLIF}",
}

@Book{schank+abelson77,
  author =       "Roger C. Schank and Robert P. Abelson",
  title =        "Scripts, Plans, Goals and Understanding: an Inquiry
                 into Human Knowledge Structures",
  publisher =    "L. Erlbaum",
  year =         "1977",
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  keywords =     "PAM, SAM, TALE-SPIN, causality, conceptual dependency,
                 goals, plans, scripts, semantic primitive, text
                 understanding",
}

@Manual{schnattinger+gurtler95,
  title =        "{GROOM}-Manual",
  author =       "Klemens Schnattinger and Andreas G{\"u}rtler",
  organization = "Computational Linguistics Lab, Freiburg University",
  address =      "Freiburg, DE",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "{\\}http://www.coling.uni-freiburg.de/public/coling-doc/wirep/GROOM/",
  archive =      "{CLIF}",
}

@InCollection{schnelle+doust92,
  author =       "H. Schnelle and R. Doust",
  title =        "A Net-linguistic ``Earley'' Parser",
  booktitle =    "Connectionist Approaches to Language Processing",
  publisher =    "L. Erlbaum",
  year =         "1992",
  editor =       "Ronan G. Reilly and Noel E. Sharkey",
  pages =        "170--205",
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  archive =      "pn, IIG (KK/600/23)",
}

@Misc{schoning96,
  author =       "Uwe Sch{\"o}ning",
  title =        "Wie man {B}eweise f{\"u}hren kann: interaktiv und ohne
                 den {B}eweis zu verraten",
  year =         "1996",
  note =         "extended handout of a talk at Freiburg University",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{schubert84,
  author =       "Lenhart Schubert",
  title =        "On Parsing Preferences",
  pages =        "247--250",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-84",
}

@InProceedings{schubert86,
  author =       "Lenhart Schubert",
  title =        "Are There Preference Trade-offs in Attachment
                 Decisions?",
  pages =        "601--605",
  crossref =     "zzzaaai-86",
}

@Book{schuster92,
  title =        "Applications of Neural Networks",
  publisher =    "VCH Verlag",
  year =         "1992",
  editor =       "H. G. Schuster",
  address =      "Weinheim",
  annote =       "unread",
}

@Book{schuster94,
  author =       "H. G. Schuster",
  title =        "Deterministisches Chaos",
  publisher =    "VCH Verlag",
  year =         "1994",
  address =      "Weinheim",
  comment =      "(Erweiterte deutsche Uebersetzung des englischen
                 Originals)",
  annote =       "unread",
}

@Article{scott90,
  author =       "Bernard E. Scott",
  title =        "Letter to the Editor",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "237--239",
  keywords =     "ALPAC, machine translation, japan",
  comment =      "a reevaluation of ALPAC, comparison from Japanese
                 point of view",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{seiffert93,
  author =       "Roland Seiffert",
  title =        "What Could a Good System for Practical {NLP} Look
                 Like?",
  crossref =     "zztrost93",
  pages =        "187--204",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{selman+hirst94,
  author =       "Bart Selman and Graeme Hirst",
  title =        "Parsing as an energy minimization problem",
  crossref =     "zzadriaens+hahn94",
  pages =        "238--254",
  keywords =     "boltzmann machine, connectionism, constraint
                 satisfaction, context-free grammar, parsing, simulated
                 annealing",
  comment =      "revised version of paper form 1987",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@Book{sgall_etal86,
  author =       "Petr Sgall and Eva Hajicova and Jarmila Panevova",
  title =        "The Meaning of the Sentence in its Semantic and
                 Pragmatic Aspects",
  publisher =    "D. Reidel",
  year =         "1986",
  address =      "Dordrecht, NL",
  keywords =     "beliefs, dependency grammar, formal specification,
                 logic, modeltheoretic semantics, possible-worlds
                 semantics, pragmatics, presupposition, semantic
                 interpretation, semantics, sprache: englisch, sprache:
                 tschechisch, text cohesion, text structure,
                 topic/comment",
  comment =      "in dieser Form die aktuelleste und umfassendste
                 Beschreibung des Prager Ansatzes [uh]",
  archive =      "FRUB (GE 86/10920)",
}

@InProceedings{shapiro94,
  author =       "Stuart C. Shapiro",
  title =        "Formalizing English",
  crossref =     "zzzaaai-94",
  archive =      "pn,{frmlengl.ps.gz}",
}

@Article{shastri+ajjanagadde93,
  author =       "L. Shastri and V. Ajjanagadde",
  title =        "From Simple Associations to Systematic Reasoning: {A}
                 Connectionist representation of rules, variables, and
                 dynamic bindings using temporal synchrony",
  journal =      "Behavioral and Brain Sciences",
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "16",
  pages =        "417--494",
  shorttitle =   "From Simple Associations to Systematic Reasoning",
  annote =       "unread",
  archive =      "{cogsci92.ps}",
  annote =       "unread",
}

@Book{shaumyan87,
  author =       "Sebastian Shaumyan",
  title =        "A Semiotic Theory of Language",
  publisher =    "Indiana University Press",
  year =         "1987",
  address =      "Bloomington and Indianapolis",
  archive =      "FRUB GE 87/7791",
}

@Unpublished{shaumyan95,
  author =       "Sebastian Shaumyan",
  title =        "Applicative Universal grammar and the Lambek
                 Calculus",
  note =         "pers. Comm.",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{shieber+johnson93,
  author =       "Stuart Shieber and Mark Johnson",
  title =        "Variations on Incremental Interpretation",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "287--318",
  archive =      "pn, {Shieber}",
}

@InProceedings{shieber83,
  author =       "Stuart Shieber",
  title =        "Sentence Disambiguation by a shift-Reduce Parsing
                 Technique",
  pages =        "699--703",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-83",
}

@Book{shieber86,
  author =       "Stuart M. Shieber",
  title =        "An Introduction to Unification-Based Approaches to
                 Grammar",
  year =         "1986",
  publisher =    "Center for the Study of Language and Information,
                 Stanford University",
  address =      "Stanford, CA",
  series =       "CSLI Lecture Notes",
  number =       "4",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{shieber88,
  author =       "Stuart M. Shieber",
  title =        "Separating Linguistic Analyses from Linguistic
                 Theories",
  crossref =     "zzreyle+rohrer88",
  pages =        "33--68",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{sigurd89,
  author =       "Bengt Sigurd",
  title =        "{DEPARSE}: An Experimental Dependency Parser",
  booktitle =    "Praktisk Lingvistik",
  publisher =    "Lunds Universitet",
  year =         "1989",
  editor =       "B. Sigurd and M. Eeg-Olofsson and L. Eriksson and B.
                 Gawronska-Werngren and K. Holmqvist and P. Touati",
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "30--41",
  address =      "Lund, SE",
  keywords =     "dependency grammar, parser",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{sikkel+akker92,
  author =       "Klaas Sikkel and Rieks op den Akker",
  title =        "Head-Corner Chart Parsing",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of Computing Science in the Netherlands",
  year =         "1992",
  publisher =    "Utrecht",
  month =        nov,
}

@InCollection{sikkel+akker95,
  author =       "K. Sikkel and R. op den Akker",
  title =        "Predictive Head-Corner Chart Parsing",
  booktitle =    "Current Issues in Parsing Technology",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  year =         "to appear 1995",
  editor =       "M. Tomita and H. Bunt",
  volume =       "2",
  address =      "Boston",
  archive =      "{pn
                 (TomitaBunt.ps)}",
}

@Article{sikkel93,
  author =       "Klaas Sikkel",
  title =        "Parallel on-line parsing in constant time per word",
  journal =      "Theoretical Computer Science",
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "120",
  pages =        "303--310",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@PhdThesis{sikkel93phd,
  author =       "Klaas Sikkel",
  title =        "Parsing Schemata",
  school =       "Dept.\ of Computer Science, University of Twente",
  year =         "1993",
  address =      "Enschede, NL",
  archive =      "hahn",
  ISBN =         "90-9006688-8",
}

@InProceedings{sikkel94,
  author =       "K. Sikkel",
  title =        "How to compare the structure of parsing algorithms",
  editor =       "G. Pighizzini and P. San Pietro",
  pages =        "21--39",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of ASMICS Workshop on Parsing Theory. Milano,
                 Italy, Oct 1994",
  year =         "1994",
  note =         "Technical Report 126-94, Dipartimento di Scienze
                 dell'Informazione, Universit{\`a} di Milano",
  archive =      "{pn
                 (asmics94.ps)}",
}

@InProceedings{sikkel95,
  author =       "K. Sikkel",
  title =        "Parsing Schemata and Correctness of Parsing
                 Algorithms",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the Workshop on Algebraic Methods in
                 Language Processing. Enschede, NL, 6--8 Dec 1995",
  year =         "1995",
  archive =      "{pn (amilp95.ps)}",
}

@InProceedings{simaan_etal94,
  author =       "K. Sima{'}an and R. Bod and S. Krauwer and R. Scha",
  title =        "Efficient Disambiguation by Means of Stochastic Tree
                 Substitution Grammars",
  crossref =     "zzznemlap-94",
  pages =        "50--58",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@TechReport{sleator+temperley91,
  author =       "Daniel D. K. Sleator and Davy Temperley",
  title =        "Parsing English with a {LINK} Grammar",
  institution =  "Carnegie Mellon University",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA",
  year =         "1991",
  number =       "CMU-CS-TR-91-126",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9508004}",
}

@InProceedings{slocum81,
  author =       "Jonathan Slocum",
  title =        "A practical comparison of parsing strategies",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-81",
  pages =        "1--6",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InCollection{small+rieger82,
  author =       "Steve Small and Chuck Rieger",
  title =        "Parsing and comprehending with word experts (a theory
                 and its realization)",
  booktitle =    "Strategies for Natural Language Processing",
  publisher =    "L. Erlbaum",
  year =         "1982",
  editor =       "W. Lehnert and M. H. Ringle",
  pages =        "89--147",
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  keywords =     "$sample parse$, $survey$, WEP, conceptual parsing,
                 procedural knowledge, specification language, system
                 architecture, word experts",
  archive =      "DS, IIG",
}

@InProceedings{small81,
  author =       "Steve Small",
  title =        "Viewing Word Expert Parsing as Linguistic Theory",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-81",
  pages =        "70--76",
}

@InProceedings{small83,
  author =       "Steve Small",
  title =        "Parsing as cooperative distributed inference:
                 understanding through memory interactions",
  booktitle =    "Parsing Natural Language. Proc.\ of the 2{\/$^{nd}$}
                 Lugano Tutorial. Lugano, CH, 6-11 Jul 1981",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  year =         "1983",
  editor =       "M. King",
  pages =        "247--276",
  address =      "London, UK",
  keywords =     "WEP, conceptual parsing, disambiguation, distributed
                 system, inference, memory, procedural knowledge, word
                 experts",
  archive =      "FRUB (GE 88/1421)",
}

@InProceedings{smolensky+tesar94,
  author =       "Paul Smolensky and Bruce Tesar",
  title =        "Optimality theory: {U}niversal {G}rammar, learning and
                 parsing algorithms, and connectionist foundations
                 (Abstract)",
  pages =        "271",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-94",
  keywords =     "acquisition of linguistic knowledge, connectionism,
                 constraints, optimality theory, parsing, unification
                 grammar",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@TechReport{smolka93,
  author =       "Gert Smolka and Martin Henz and J{\"o}rg W{\"u}rtz",
  title =        "Object-Oriented Concurrent Constraint Programming in
                 {Oz}",
  institution =  "DFKI",
  year =         "1993",
  address =      "Saarbr{\"u}cken",
  number =       "RR-93-16",
}

@TechReport{smolka94,
  author =       "Gert Smolka",
  title =        "A Calculus for Higher-Order Concurrent Constraint
                 Programming with Deep Guards",
  institution =  "DFKI",
  year =         "1994",
  address =      "Saarbr{\"u}cken",
  month =        feb,
  note =         "RR-94-03",
}

@InProceedings{snyder86,
  author =       "A. Snyder",
  title =        "Encapsulation and Inheritance in Object-Oriented
                 Programming Languages",
  pages =        "38--45",
  crossref =     "zzzoopsla-86",
}

@InCollection{snyder87,
  author =       "Alan Snyder",
  title =        "Inheritance and the development of encapsulated
                 software components",
  crossref =     "zzshriver+wegner87",
  pages =        "165--188",
  keywords =     "$code$, $survey$, data encapsulation, implementation,
                 inheritance, multiple inheritance, object-oriented
                 programming, object-oriented programming language",
  archive =      "sue",
}

@InCollection{snyder91,
  author =       "Alan Snyder",
  title =        "Inheritance in object-oriented programming languages",
  crossref =     "zzlenzerini_etal91",
  pages =        "153--171",
  keywords =     "$survey$, inheritance, object-oriented programming
                 language",
}

@InProceedings{sparck-jones93,
  author =       "Karen Sparck Jones",
  title =        "What might be in a Summary?",
  editor =       "Knorz and Krause and Womser-Hacker",
  pages =        "9--26",
  booktitle =    "Information Retrieval 93: Von der Modellierung zur
                 Anwendung",
  year =         "1993",
  publisher =    "Universit{\"a}tsverlag Konstanz",
  address =      "Konstanz, DE",
  shorttitle =   "Information Retrieval 93",
  archive =      "pn, {Cambridge}",
}

@Misc{sparck-jones94,
  author =       "Karen Sparck Jones",
  title =        "Natural language processing: she needs something old
                 and something new (maybe something borrowed and
                 something blue, too)",
  howpublished = "cmp-lg/9512004",
  year =         "1994",
  note =         "Presidential Address, 1994, Association for
                 Computational Linguistics",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9512004}",
}

@InCollection{sparck-jones94a,
  author =       "Karen Sparck Jones",
  title =        "Natural Language Processing: {A} Historical Review",
  booktitle =    "Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: In Honour
                 of Don Walker",
  series =       "Linguistica computazionale",
  number =       "9/10",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  year =         "1994",
  editor =       "Zampolli and Calzolari and Palmer",
  address =      "Dordrecht, NL",
}

@InProceedings{sparck-jones94b,
  author =       "Karen Sparck Jones",
  title =        "Towards Better {NLP} System Evaluation",
  pages =        "102--107",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the Human Language Technology Workshop. San
                 Francisco, CA, 1994",
  year =         "1994",
  publisher =    "M. Kaufmann",
  address =      "Los Altos, CA",
  shorttitle =   hdr # "Human Language Technology Workshop",
  keywords =     "evaluation, methodology",
  archive =      "pn, {Cambridge}",
}

@InProceedings{srinivas_etal95,
  author =       "B. Srinivas and Christine Doran and Seth Kulick",
  title =        "Heuristics and Parse Ranking",
  crossref =     "zzziwpt-95",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9508010}",
}

@InCollection{stabler91,
  author =       "Edward P. Stabler",
  title =        "Avoid the Pedestrian's Paradox",
  crossref =     "zzberwik_etal91",
  pages =        "199--237",
  annote =       "incremental parsing",
}

@InProceedings{starosta+nomura86,
  author =       "Stanley Starosta and Hirosato Nomura",
  title =        "Lexicase Parsing: {A} Lexicon-Driven Approach to
                 Syntactic Analysis",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-86",
  pages =        "127--132",
  keywords =     "case grammar, dependency grammar, feature grammar,
                 lexicalist approach, lexicon, syntactic parsing",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{starosta91,
  author =       "Stanley Starosta",
  title =        "Dependency Grammar and Monostratal Transfer",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 2{\/$^{nd}$} Japan-Australia Joint
                 Symposium on Natural Language Processing. Iizuka, JP.
                 2--5 Oct 1991",
  publisher =    "Kyushu Institute of Technology",
  address =      "Iizuka, JP",
  year =         "1991",
  archive =      "pn, {uni-stuttgart}",
}

@InProceedings{starosta92,
  author =       "Stanley Starosta",
  title =        "Dependency Theory and Natural Language Processing",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the Int.\ Symposium on Natural Language
                 Understanding and Artificial Intelligence. Iizuka, JP,
                 13--15 Jul 1992",
  publisher =    "Kyushu Institute of Technology",
  address =      "Iizuka, JP",
  year =         "1992",
  archive =      "pn, {uni-stuttgart}",
}

@Article{stede92,
  author =       "Manfred Stede",
  title =        "The Search for Robustness in Natural Language
                 Understanding",
  journal =      "Artificial Intelligence Review",
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "383--414",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{steels96a,
  author =       "Luc Steels",
  title =        "Perceptually grounded meaning creation",
  editor =       "M. Tokoro",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of {ICMAS}. Kyoto, JP, 1996",
  year =         "1996",
  note =         "draft, submitted",
  comment =      "Paper showing how a feature repertoire may develop as
                 side effect of a discrimination task",
  archive =      "pn, {VUB}",
}

@InProceedings{steels96b,
  author =       "Luc Steels",
  title =        "Self-organizing vocabularies",
  editor =       "C. Langton",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of Alife V. Nara, JP, 1996",
  year =         "1996",
  comment =      "Experiment illustrating how self-organization can be
                 used to reach a coherent vocabulary in distributed
                 agents. First paper written on the subject.",
  archive =      "pn, {VUB}",
}

@Article{steels96c,
  author =       "Luc Steels",
  title =        "A self-organizing spatial vocabulary",
  journal =      "Artificial Life Journal",
  year =         "1996",
  comment =      "Describes experiment whereby agents spontaneously
                 develop a common vocabulary to talk about spatial
                 relations. This is a first application of the lexicon
                 formation process described in the previous paper.",
  archive =      "pn, {VUB}",
}

@InCollection{steels96d,
  author =       "Luc Steels",
  title =        "The Spontaneous Self-organization of an Adaptive
                 Language",
  booktitle =    "Machine Intelligence 15",
  publisher =    "Oxford University Press",
  year =         "1996",
  editor =       "S. Muggleton",
  address =      "Oxford, UK",
  comment =      "Much more detailed description of mechanisms for
                 spontaneous lexicon formation but building further upon
                 results of earlier papers. The lexicon now features
                 ambiguity, polysemy, etc.",
  archive =      "pn, {VUB}",
}

@Article{stefik+bobrow86,
  author =       "M. Stefik and D. G. Bobrow",
  title =        "Object-Oriented Programming: Themes and Variations",
  journal =      "AI Magazine",
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "40--62",
}

@Article{steimann+brzoska95,
  author =       "Friedrich Steimann and Christoph Brzoska",
  title =        "Dependency Unification Grammar for {PROLOG}",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "95--102",
  comment =      "Steimann's Latin Grammar (Deussen)",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{stevenson93,
  author =       "Suzanne Ava Stevenson",
  title =        "A Competition-Based Explanation of Syntactic
                 Attachment Preferences and Garden Path Phenomena",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-93",
  pages =        "266--273",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@TechReport{stevenson95,
  author =       "Suzanne Ava Stevenson",
  title =        "A Competitive Attachment Model for Resolving Syntactic
                 Ambiguities in Natural Language Parsing",
  institution =  "Univ.\ of Maryland, Dept.\ of Computer Science,Inst.\
                 for Advanced Computer Studies",
  year =         "1995",
  number =       "CS-TR-3466",
  address =      "College Park, MD",
  comment =      "also referenced as her PhD",
  archive =      "pn (3466.ps), {CS-TR-3466}",
}

@PhdThesis{stevenson95phd,
  author =       "Suzanne Ava Stevenson",
  title =        "A Competitive Attachment Model for Resolving Syntactic
                 Ambiguities in Natural Language Parsing",
  school =       "Dept.\ of Computer Science, Univ.\ of Maryland",
  year =         "1995",
  annote =       "also in stevenson95",
}

@InProceedings{stock_etal88,
  author =       "Oliviero Stock and Rino Falcone and Patrizia
                 Insinnamo",
  title =        "Island parsing and bidirectional charts",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-88",
  pages =        "636--641",
  keywords =     "chart parsing, island parsing, speech recognition,
                 syntactic parsing",
}

@InProceedings{stolcke+omohundro94,
  author =       "Andreas Stolcke and Stephen Omohundro",
  title =        "Inducing Probabilistic Grammars by Bayesian Model
                 Merging",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of ICGI-94",
  year =         "1994",
  archive =      "pn, cmp-lg",
}

@InProceedings{stowe91,
  author =       "Laurie A. Stowe",
  title =        "Ambiguity Resolution: Behavioral Evidence for a
                 Delay",
  crossref =     "zzzcogsci-91",
  pages =        "257--262",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{strube+hahn95a,
  author =       "Michael Strube and Udo Hahn",
  title =        "{{\sc ParseTalk}} about Sentence- and Text-level
                 Anaphora",
  pages =        "237--244",
  crossref =     "zzzeacl-95",
  archive =      "strube, DS, {CLIF}",
}

@InProceedings{strube+hahn95b,
  author =       "Michael Strube and Udo Hahn",
  title =        "{{\sc ParseTalk}} about Textual Ellipsis",
  pages =        "62--72",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of Int.\ Conf.\ on Recent Advances in Natural
                 Language Processing. Tzigov Chark, Bulgaria, 14--16 Sep
                 1995",
  shorttitle =   "Proc.\ of RANLP-95",
  year =         "1995",
  archive =      "strube, {CLIF}",
}

@InProceedings{strube+hahn96,
  author =       "Michael Strube and Udo Hahn",
  title =        "Functional Centering",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-96",
  pages =        "270--277",
}

@PhdThesis{strube96,
  author =       "Michael Strube",
  title =        "Funktionales Centering",
  school =       "Philosophische Fakult{\"a}t,
                 Albert-Ludwigs-Universit{\"a}t",
  year =         "1996",
  address =      "Freiburg, DE",
  type =         "Dissertation",
}

@Misc{sturt95,
  author =       "Patrick Sturt",
  title =        "Incorporating ``Unconcious Reanalysis'' into an
                 Incremental, Monotonic Parser",
  year =         "1995",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9502035}",
}

@InProceedings{sundheim91,
  author =       "Beth M. Sundheim",
  title =        "Third Message Understanding Evaluation and Conference
                 {MUC-3}: Methodology and Test Results",
  crossref =     "zzneal+walter91",
  pages =        "1--12",
}

@TechReport{szypersky_etal93,
  author =       "Clemens Szypersky and Stephen Omohundro and Stephan
                 Murer",
  title =        "Engineering a Programming Language: The Type and Class
                 System of Sather",
  institution =  "ICSI",
  year =         "1993",
  number =       "TR-93-064",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Misc{takuda+oku96,
  author =       "Tokuda and oku",
  title =        "Geb{\"a}rdensprachlexikon und maschinelle
                 {\"U}bersetzung aus dem Japanischen",
  year =         "1996",
  note =         "(japanisch)",
  comment =      "pers. comm.",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Misc{tesar+smolensky93,
  author =       "B. Tesar and P. Smolensky",
  title =        "The Learnability of Optimality Theory: an Algorithm
                 and some Basic Complexity Results",
  note =         "{\\}http://coli.uni-sb.de/\~{}thorsten/sem96/learnability.ps.gz",
  year =         "1993",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Misc{tesar94,
  author =       "B. Tesar",
  title =        "Computing Optimal Forms in Optimality Theory: Basic
                 Syllabification",
  note =         "{\\}http://coli.uni-sb.de/\~{}thorsten/sem96/parsecv.ps.gz",
  year =         "1994",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{tesniere59,
  author =       "Lucien Tesni{\`e}re",
  title =        "El{\'e}ments de Syntaxe Structurale",
  publisher =    "Klincksieck",
  year =         "(1969) 1959",
  address =      "Paris, FR",
  edition =      "2.",
  keywords =     "dependency grammar",
}

@TechReport{theriault82,
  author =       "Daniel G. Theriault",
  title =        "A Primer for the Act-1 Language",
  institution =  "AI Lab., MIT",
  year =         "1982",
  type =         "AI Memo",
  number =       "672",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  keywords =     "ACT, actor model",
}

@TechReport{theriault83,
  author =       "Daniel G. Theriault",
  title =        "Issues in the Design and Implementation of Act2",
  institution =  "AI Lab., MIT",
  year =         "1983",
  number =       "728",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  keywords =     "ACT, actor model, concurrent computation, problem
                 solving, reasoning, software engineering",
}

@Article{thibadeau_etal82,
  author =       "Robert Thibadeau and Marcel A. Just and Patricia A.
                 Carpenter",
  title =        "A Model of the Time Course and Content of Reading",
  year =         "1982",
  journal =      "Cognitive Science",
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "157--203",
}

@InProceedings{tomabechi91,
  author =       "Hideto Tomabechi",
  title =        "Quasi-Destructive Graph Unification",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-91",
  pages =        "8",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{tomita+carbonell87,
  author =       "Masaru Tomita and Jaime G. Carbonell",
  title =        "The Universal Parser architecture for knowledge-based
                 machine translation",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-87",
  pages =        "718--721",
  keywords =     "case frame, compiler, grammar toolkit, interlingua
                 model, lexical functional grammar, machine translation
                 system, parser, system architecture",
  comment =      "pre-compiled run-time grammars --> efficient online
                 parsing",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@InProceedings{tomita85,
  author =       "Masaru Tomita",
  title =        "An Efficient Context-Free Parsing Algorithm for
                 Natural Languages",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-85",
  pages =        "756--764",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Book{tomita86,
  author =       "Masaru Tomita",
  title =        "Efficient Parsing for Natural Language --- {A} Fast
                 Algorithm for Practical Systems",
  shorttitle =   "Efficient Parsing for Natural Language",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  year =         "1986",
  series =       "Int.\ Series in Engineering and Computer Science",
  address =      "Hingham, MA",
}

@Article{tomita87,
  author =       "Masaru Tomita",
  title =        "An Efficient Augmented Context-Free Parsing
                 Algorithm",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "31--46",
}

@InProceedings{tomita88,
  author =       "Masaru Tomita",
  title =        "``Linguistic'' sentences and ``real'' sentences",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "453",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-88",
  keywords =     "$critical assessment$, $examples$, $requirements$,
                 parsing",
  comment =      "sehr schoene Gegenueberstellung von konstruierten und
                 Realwelt-Saetzen [uh]",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@InProceedings{trautwein94,
  author =       "Marten Trautwein",
  title =        "The Complexity of Structure Sharing in
                 Unification-Based Grammars",
  crossref =     "zzzclin5",
  pages =        "165--180",
  archive =      "{pn
                 (shring.ps)}",
}

@InProceedings{tsuda+aiba94,
  author =       "Hiroshi Tsuda and Akira Aiba",
  title =        "Heterogeneous Natural Language Understanding in
                 {HELIOS}",
  pages =        "203--212",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the Int.\ Symp.\ on Fith Generation Computer
                 Systems. Tokyo, 13--16 Dec 1994",
  year =         "1994",
  shorttitle =   "Proc.\ of FGCS-94",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{turing36,
  author =       "Alan M. Turing",
  title =        "On Computable Numbers, with an application to the
                 Entscheidungsproblem",
  journal =      "Procedings of the London Mathematical Society",
  year =         "1936",
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "230--265",
}

@Article{turing37,
  author =       "Alan M. Turing",
  title =        "On Computable Numbers, with an application to the
                 Entscheidungsproblem, {A} Correction",
  journal =      "Procedings of the London Mathematical Society",
  year =         "1937",
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "544--546",
}

@InCollection{uehara_etal85,
  author =       "Kuniaki Uehara and Ryo Ochitani and Osamu Mikami and
                 Junichi Toyoda",
  title =        "An integrated parser for text understanding: Viewing
                 parsing as passing messages among actors.",
  year =         "1985",
  editor =       "V. Dahl and P. Saint-Dizier",
  booktitle =    "Natural Language Understanding and Logic Programming;
                 Proc.\ of the 1{\/$^{st}$} Int.\ Workshop. Rennes,
                 France, 18--20 Sep 1984",
  shorttitle =   "Natural Language Understanding and Logic Programming",
  publisher =    "North-Holland",
  pages =        "79--95",
  address =      "Amsterdam, NL",
}

@TechReport{umbach94,
  author =       "Carla Umbach",
  title =        "{T}ermpr{\"a}zisierung als {M}ittel der lexikalischen
                 {D}esambiguierung in der {S}rachverarbeitung",
  institution =  "TU Berlin, Fachbereich 13 Informatik, Kognition und
                 Kontext",
  year =         "1994",
  address =      "Berlin, DE",
  number =       "KIT-Report 118",
}

@InProceedings{uszkoreit88,
  author =       "Hans Uszkoreit",
  title =        "From feature bundles to abstract data types",
  editor =       "A. Blaser",
  number =       "320",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  pages =        "31--64",
  booktitle =    "Natural Language at the Computer; Proc.\ of the
                 Scientific Symp.\ on Syntax and Semantics for Text
                 Processing and Man-Machine Communication. Heidelberg,
                 Feb 1988",
  year =         "1988",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  address =      "Berlin, DE",
  shorttitle =   "Natural Language at the Computer",
}

@InProceedings{uszkoreit91,
  author =       "Hans Uszkoreit",
  title =        "Strategies for Adding Control Information to
                 Declarative Grammars",
  pages =        "237--245",
  crossref =     "zzzacl-91",
  keywords =     "constraints, control knowledge, declarative knowledge,
                 deductive reasoning, disambiguation, feature grammar,
                 implementation, language performance, procedural
                 knowledge, robustness",
  comment =      "Performanzrestriktion in UGs",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@InCollection{valian79,
  author =       "Virginia Valian",
  title =        "The wherefores and therefores of the
                 competence-performance distinction",
  booktitle =    "Sentence processing: Psycholinguistic studies
                 presented to Merrill Garrett",
  publisher =    "L. Erlbaum",
  year =         "1979",
  editor =       "W. E. Cooper and E. C. T. Walker",
  pages =        "1--26",
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  keywords =     "language competence, language performance,
                 psycholinguistics",
  comment =      "pr{\"a}zise, argumentativ gute Studie zur
                 K/P-Unterscheidung aus psycholinguist. Sicht [uh]",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@InProceedings{valkonen_etal87,
  author =       "K. Valkonen and H. J{\"a}ppinen and A. Lehtola",
  title =        "Blackboard-based Dependency Parsing",
  pages =        "700--702",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-87",
  keywords =     "blackboard, control knowledge, dependency grammar,
                 dependency-directed backtracking, parsing, search,
                 sprache: finnisch, structural ambiguity",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{valkonen_etal87a,
  author =       "K. Valkonen and H. J{\"a}ppinen and A. Lehtola and M.
                 Ylilammi",
  title =        "Declarative Model for Dependency Parsing: {A} View
                 into Blackboard Methodology",
  crossref =     "zzzeacl-87",
  pages =        "218--225",
  keywords =     "blackboard, constraints, control knowledge,
                 declarative knowledge, dependency grammar, lexicon,
                 parsing, search, sprache: finnisch",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@PhdThesis{vannoord93,
  author =       "Gertjan {\SortNoop{Noord}}van Noord",
  title =        "Reversibility in Natural Language Processing",
  school =       "University of Utrecht",
  year =         "1993",
  address =      "Utrecht, NL",
  archive =      "pn, {gzipped
                 postscript (700K)}",
}

@Article{vannoord97,
  author =       "Gertjan {\SortNoop{Noord}}van Noord",
  title =        "An Efficient Implementation of the Head-Corner
                 Parser",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "?",
  number =       "?",
  comment =      "memoization vs. chart",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9701004}",
}

@InProceedings{volk96,
  author =       "Martin Volk",
  title =        "Die {R}olle der {V}alenz bei der {A}ufl{\"o}sung von
                 {PP}-{M}ehrdeutigkeiten",
  crossref =     "zzzkonvens-96pp",
  pages =        "32--38",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{walker96,
  author =       "Marilyn A. Walker",
  title =        "Limited Attention and Discourse Structure",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9512003}",
}

@Misc{walker_etal,
  author =       "Marilyn Walker and Masayo Iida and Sharon Cote",
  title =        "Centering in Japanese Discourse",
  year =         "1991",
  comment =      "ATR seminar handout",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{waltz+pollack85,
  author =       "David L. Waltz and Jordan B. Pollack",
  title =        "Massively parallel parsing: a strongly interactive
                 model of natural language interpretation",
  journal =      "Cognitive Science",
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "51--74",
  keywords =     "$classic$, $sample parse$, ambiguity, case frame,
                 discourse context, natural language understanding,
                 parallelism, parsing, spreading activation, strongly
                 interactive model, syntax",
  archive =      "pn, UB, hahn",
}

@Article{wegner90,
  author =       "P. Wegner",
  title =        "Concepts and Paradigms of Object-Oriented
                 Programming",
  year =         "1990",
  journal =      "{OOPS} Messenger",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--87",
}

@InCollection{wehrli88,
  author =       "Eric Wehrli",
  title =        "Parsing with a {GB}-Grammar",
  crossref =     "zzreyle+rohrer88",
  pages =        "177--201",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{weischedel+sondheimer83,
  author =       "Ralph M. Weischedel and Norman K. Sondheimer",
  title =        "Meta-Rules as a Basis for Processing Ill-Formed
                 Input",
  journal =      "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1983",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "161--177",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{wermter+weber94,
  author =       "Stefan Wermter and Volker Weber",
  title =        "Learning Fault-tolerant Speech Parsing with {SCREEN}",
  crossref =     "zzzaaai-94",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9406024}",
}

@Article{wermter+weber97,
  author =       "Stefan Wermter and Volker Weber",
  title =        "{SCREEN}: Learning a Flat Syntactic and Semantic
                 Spoken Language Analysis Using Artificial Neural
                 Networks",
  journal =      "Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research",
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "35--86",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9702001}",
}

@TechReport{wilks+stevenson96,
  author =       "Yorick Wilks and Mark Stevenson",
  title =        "The Grammar of Sense: Is word-sense tagging much more
                 than part-of-speech tagging?",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, University of
                 Sheffield",
  year =         "1996",
  number =       "CS-96-05",
  address =      "Sheffield, UK",
  comment =      "Large-scale Automatic Sense Tagging of text",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9607028}",
}

@InCollection{wilks75,
  author =       "Yorick Wilks",
  title =        "Preference Semantics",
  booktitle =    "Formal Semantics of Natural Language",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  year =         "1975",
  editor =       "E. L. Kaenan",
  pages =        "329--348",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{wilks_etal85,
  author =       "Yorik Wilks and Xiuming Huang and Dan Fass",
  title =        "Syntax, Preference and Right Attachment",
  pages =        "779--784",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-85",
}

@InProceedings{winiwarter_etal96,
  author =       "Werner Winiwarter and Osami Kagawa and Yahiko
                 Kambayashi",
  title =        "Disambiguation by Using Categorial Parsing in a {DOOD}
                 Framework",
  crossref =     "zzzki-96",
}

@Book{winograd83,
  author =       "Terry Winograd",
  title =        "Language as a Cognitive Process",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  year =         "1983",
  volume =       "1: Syntax",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
  keywords =     "$algorithm$, $classic$, $introduction$, $survey$,
                 computational linguistics, grammar theory, natural
                 language understanding, parsing",
  comment =      "das beste Buch zum NL-Parsing [uh]",
  archive =      "FRUB (GE 84/3850-1)",
}

@Article{wirth77,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth",
  title =        "What Can We Do About the Unnecessary Diversity of
                 Notation for Syntatic Definitions",
  journal =      "Communications of the ACM",
  year =         "1977",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "822--823",
  comment =      "Definiert EBNF",
}

@TechReport{wolczko88,
  author =       "Mario Wolczko",
  title =        "Semantics of Object-Oriented Languages",
  institution =  "University of Manchester, Dept.\ of Computer Science",
  year =         "1988",
  number =       "TR UMCS-88-6-1",
}

@InProceedings{wolting96,
  author =       "Suzanne Wolting",
  title =        "Disambiguierung direktionaler {PP}-{A}rgumente in
                 einem generativen {L}exikon",
  crossref =     "zzzkonvens-96pp",
  pages =        "48--56",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Article{woods+schmolze92,
  author =       "W. A. Woods and J. G. Schmolze",
  title =        "The {KL-ONE} family",
  journal =      "Computers {\&} Mathematics with Applications",
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2--5",
  pages =        "133--177",
  keywords =     "$survey$, *ijcai95.ws*, KL-ONE, hybrid knowledge
                 representation",
  archive =      "hahn, kle P 92/12",
}

@InCollection{woods73,
  author =       "W. A. Woods",
  title =        "An experimental parsing system for transition network
                 grammars",
  booktitle =    "Natural Language Processing. Courant Computer Science
                 Symposium 8. 20--21 Dec 1971",
  publisher =    "Algorithmics",
  year =         "1973",
  editor =       "R. Rustin",
  pages =        "111--154",
  address =      "New York, NY",
  keywords =     "augmented transition network, formal grammar,
                 implementation, parsing, recursive transition network",
}

@InCollection{wunderlich88,
  author =       "Dieter Wunderlich",
  title =        "Some Problems of Coordination in {G}erman",
  crossref =     "zzreyle+rohrer88",
  pages =        "289--316",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{yang87,
  author =       "Yiming Yang",
  title =        "Combining prediction, syntactic analysis and semantic
                 analysis in Chinese sentence analysis",
  pages =        "679--681",
  volume =       "2",
  crossref =     "zzzijcai-87",
  keywords =     "backtracking, case frame, disambiguation, heuristics,
                 lexicalist approach, object-oriented programming,
                 phrase structure grammar, preference ranking, sprache:
                 chinesisch, syntactic parsing, weakly interactive
                 model",
  comment =      "grammat.info on word classes, specialists for words:
                 quasi WEX; hohe Disambiguierungsrate von 100en
                 strukt.Ambiguit{\"a}ten auf 10er Gr{\"o}{\ss}en semant.
                 Amb.",
  archive =      "IIG, hahn",
}

@InProceedings{yokote+tokoro86,
  author =       "Y. Yokote and M. Tokoro",
  title =        "The Design and Implementation of
                 {C}oncurrent{S}malltalk",
  crossref =     "zzzoopsla-86",
  pages =        "258--268",
}

@InProceedings{yokote+tokoro87,
  author =       "Y. Yokote and M. Tokoro",
  title =        "Experience and Evolution of {C}oncurrent{S}malltalk",
  crossref =     "zzzoopsla-87",
  pages =        "406--415",
}

@InProceedings{yokoyama+hanakata86,
  author =       "Shoichi Yokoyama and Kenji Hanakata",
  title =        "Conceptual lexicon using an object-oriented language",
  pages =        "226--228",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-86",
  keywords =     "conceptual parsing, frames, implementation, lexicon,
                 object-oriented programming language, sprache:
                 japanisch, textsorte: woerterbucheintrag",
  comment =      "Systematisierung abstrakter Konzepte mittels
                 OO-Prinzipien [uh]",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@InProceedings{yonezawa+ohsawa88,
  author =       "Akinori Yonezawa and Ichiro Ohsawa",
  title =        "Object-oriented parallel parsing for context-free
                 grammars",
  crossref =     "zzzcoling-88",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "773--778",
  keywords =     "ABCL, concurrent computation, context-free grammar,
                 object-oriented programming, syntactic parsing, system
                 performance",
}

@InCollection{yonezawa+ohsawa94,
  author =       "Akinori Yonezawa and Ichiro Ohsawa",
  title =        "Object-oriented parallel parsing for context-free
                 grammars",
  crossref =     "zzadriaens+hahn94",
  pages =        "188--210",
}

@InCollection{yonezawa_etal87,
  author =       "A. Yonezawa and E. Shibayama and T. Takada and Y.
                 Honda",
  title =        "Modelling and Programming in {ABCL/1}",
  crossref =     "zzyonezawa+tokoro87",
  pages =        "55--89",
}

@Article{younger67,
  author =       "D. H. Younger",
  title =        "Recognition and Parsing of Context-Free Languages in
                 {$n^3$}",
  journal =      "Information and Control",
  year =         "1967",
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "189--208",
}

@Article{zadrozny94,
  author =       "Wlodek Zadrozny",
  title =        "From Compositional to Systematic Semantics",
  journal =      "Linguistics and Philosophy",
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "17",
  pages =        "329--342",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9503024}",
}

@InProceedings{zadrozny95,
  author =       "Wlodek Zadrozny",
  title =        "Context and ontology in understanding of dialogs",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of {IJCAI}-95 Workshop on Context in {NLP}.
                 montreal, Aug 1995",
  year =         "1995",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9505082}",
}

@TechReport{zadrozny95a,
  author =       "Wlodek Zadrozny",
  title =        "The Compactness of Construction Grammars",
  institution =  "IBM Research, T. J. Watson Research Center",
  year =         "1995",
  type =         "Research Report",
  number =       "RC 20003 (88493)",
  address =      "Yorktown Heights, NY",
  archive =      "pn, {cmp-lg/9505031}",
}

@InProceedings{zadrozny96,
  author =       "Wlodek Zadrozny",
  title =        "On the Complexities of {NLP} Systems",
  crossref =     "zzzflairs-96",
  pages =        "71--75",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@InProceedings{zaenen+nunberg94,
  author =       "Annie Zaenen and Geoff Nunberg",
  title =        "Communication Technology, Linguistic Technology and
                 the Multilingual Individual",
  crossref =     "zzzclin5",
  pages =        "1--12",
  note =         "Invited Talk",
  archive =      "{pn (zaenen.ps)}",
}

@InProceedings{zoltowski_etal92,
  author =       "C. B. Zoltowski and M. P. Harper and L. H. Jamieson
                 and R. A. Helzerman",
  title =        "{PARSEC}: {A} Constraint-based Framework for Spoken
                 Language Understanding",
  pages =        "249--252",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the Int.\ Conf.\ on Spoken Language
                 Processing. Banff, AB, Oct 1992",
  year =         "1992",
  archive =      "pn, {purdue}",
}

@InBook{zwicky85,
  author =       "Arnold M. Zwicky",
  title =        "Heads, Bases and functors",
  chapter =      "13",
  crossref =     "zzdowty_etal85",
  pages =        "292--315",
  archive =      "pn",
}

%% Collections

@Proceedings{zzaczel_etal93,
  title =        "Situation Theory and its Applications",
  booktitle =    "Situation Theory and its Applications",
  publisher =    "Center for the Study of Language and Information",
  year =         "1993",
  editor =       "P. Aczel and D. Israel and Y. Katagiri and S. Peters",
  volume =       "3",
  address =      "Stanford, CA",
}

@Book{zzadriaens+hahn94,
  title =        "Parallel Natural Language Processing",
  booktitle =    "Parallel Natural Language Processing",
  publisher =    "Ablex",
  year =         "1994",
  editor =       "G. Adriaens and U. Hahn",
  address =      "Norwood, NJ",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@TechReport{zzbarnard+skillicorn90,
  author =       "D. T. Barnard and D. B. Skillicorn",
  title =        "Parallel Parsing: {A} Status Report",
  booktitle =    "Parallel Parsing: A Status Report",
  institution =  "Department of Computing and Information Science,
                 Queen's University",
  address =      "Kingston, ON",
  year =         "1990",
  number =       "1990-267",
}

@Book{zzberwik_etal91,
  title =        "Principle-Based Parsing: Computation and
                 Psycholinguistics",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  year =         "1991",
  editor =       "Robert C. Berwick and Steven P. Abney and Carrol
                 Tenny",
  series =       "Studies in Linguistics and Philosiphy",
  number =       "44",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  archive =      "IIG KK 440/20",
}

@Book{zzcole_etal96,
  title =        "Survey of the State of the Art of Human Language
                 Technology",
  booktitle =    "Survey of the State of the Art of Human Language
                 Technology",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1996",
  editor =       "Ron Cole and Joseph Mariani and Hans Uszkoreit and
                 Annie Zaenen and Victor Zue",
  abstract =     "1. Spoken Language Input 2. Written Language Input 3.
                 Language Analysis and Understanding 4. Language
                 Generation 5. Spoken Output Technologies 6. Discourse
                 and Dialogue 7. Document Processing 8. Multilinguality
                 9. Multimodality 10. Transmission and Storage 11.
                 Mathematical Methods 12. Language Resources 13.
                 Evaluation",
  archive =      "{HLTsurvey}",
}

@Book{zzcorbett_etal93,
  title =        "Heads in Grammatical Theory",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  year =         "1993",
  editor =       "G. G. Corbett and N. M. Fraser and S. McGlashan",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Book{zzdowty_etal85,
  title =        "Natural Language Parsing: Psychological,
                 Computational, and Theoretical Perspectives",
  booktitle =    "Natural Language Parsing: Psychological,
                 Computational, and Theoretical Perspectives",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  year =         "1985",
  editor =       "D. R. Dowty and L. Karttunen and A. M. Zwicky",
  number =       "1",
  series =       "Studies in Natural Language Processing",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  archive =      "FRUB (GE 85/4251)",
}

@Book{zzgrosz_etal86,
  title =        "Readings in Natural Language Processing",
  booktitle =    "Readings in Natural Language Processing",
  publisher =    "M. Kaufmann",
  year =         "1986",
  editor =       "Barbara J. Grosz and Karen Sparck Jones and B. L.
                 Webber",
  address =      "Los Altos, CA",
  comment =      "sampler of papers from late 60's until '86.",
  archive =      "IIG (KK 480-1)",
}

@Book{zzkunze82,
  title =        "Automatische Analyse des Deutschen",
  publisher =    "Akademie-Verlag",
  year =         "1982",
  editor =       "J{\"u}rgen Kunze",
  address =      "Berlin, DE",
  keywords =     "dependency grammar, parsing, sprache: deutsch",
  archive =      "FRUB (GE 82/3192)",
}

@Book{zzlenzerini_etal91,
  title =        "Inheritance Hierarchies in Knowledge Representation
                 and Programming Languages",
  booktitle =    "Inheritance Hierarchies in Knowledge Representation
                 and Programming Languages",
  publisher =    "J. Wiley",
  year =         "1991",
  editor =       "M. Lenzerini and D. Nardi and M. Simi",
  address =      "New York, NY",
  archive =      "IIG (KK/320/12)",
}

@Book{zzlockemann+schmidt87,
  title =        "Datenbank-Handbuch",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  year =         "1987",
  editor =       "P. C. Lockemann and J. W. Schmidt",
  number =       "2",
  series =       "Informatik-Handb{\"u}cher",
  address =      "Heidelberg, DE",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Proceedings{zzneal+walter91,
  editor =       "Jeannette G. Neal and Sharon M. Walter",
  title =        "Natural Language Processing Systems Evaluation
                 Workshop",
  booktitle =    "Natural Language Processing Systems Evaluation
                 Workshop",
  organization = "Rome Laboratory, Air Force Systems Command",
  year =         "1991",
  number =       "RL-TR-91-362",
  series =       "Technical Report",
  address =      "Griffis Air Force Base, NY 13441-5700",
  archive =      "pn",
  annote =       "walters@rl.af.mil",
}

@Proceedings{,
}

@Book{zzreyle+rohrer88,
  editor =       "Uwe Reyle and Christian Rohrer",
  title =        "Natural Language Parsing and Linguistic Theories",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  address =      "Dordrecht, The Nederlands",
  year =         "1988",
  number =       "35",
  series =       "Studies in Linguistic and Philosophy",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Book{zzshriver+wegner87,
  title =        "Research Directions in Object-Oriented Programming",
  booktitle =    "Research Directions in Object-Oriented Programming",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1987",
  editor =       "B. Shriver and P. Wegner",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
}

@Book{zztomita91,
  title =        "Current Issues in Parsing Technology",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  year =         "1991",
  editor =       "Masaru Tomita",
  number =       "126",
  series =       "international series in engineering and computer
                 science",
  archive =      "FRUB (GE 91/12502)",
}

@Book{zztrost93,
  title =        "Feature Formalisms and Linguistic Ambiguity",
  booktitle =    "Feature Formalisms and Linguistic Ambiguity",
  publisher =    "Ellis Horwood",
  year =         "1993",
  editor =       "Harald Trost",
  address =      "Chichester, UK",
  keywords =     "ambiguity, feature grammar",
  annote =       "unread",
}

@Book{zzyonezawa+tokoro87,
  title =        "Object-Oriented Concurrent Programming",
  booktitle =    "Object-Oriented Concurrent Programming",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1987",
  editor =       "A. Yonozawa and M. Tokoro",
  series =       "Computer Systems Series",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
}

@Book{zzyonezawa90,
  title =        "{ABCL}: An object-oriented concurrent system",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1990",
  editor =       "Akinori Yonezawa",
  series =       "Computer Systems Series",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  keywords =     "ABCL, concurrent computation, distributed system",
}

%% Conference Proceedings

@Proceedings{zzzaaai-86,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 5{\/$^{th}$} National Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Philadelphia, {PA}, 11--15 Aug
                 1986",
  year =         "1986",
  key =          "AAAI",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 5{\/$^{th}$} National Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Philadelphia, PA, 11--15 Aug
                 1986",
  shorttitle =   hdr # aaai # "86",
  publisher =    "AAAI Press",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA",
}

@Proceedings{zzzaaai-90,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 8{\/$^{th}$} National Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Boston, {MA}, 29 Jul -- 3 Aug
                 1990",
  year =         "1990",
  key =          "AAAI",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 8{\/$^{th}$} National Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Boston, MA, 29 Jul -- 3 Aug
                 1990",
  shorttitle =   hdr # aaai # "90",
  publisher =    "AAAI Press",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzzaaai-92,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 10{\/$^{th}$} National Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. San Jos{\'e}, {CA}, 12--16 Jul
                 1992",
  year =         "1992",
  key =          "AAAI",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 10{\/$^{th}$} National Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. San Jos{\'e}, CA, 12--16 Jul
                 1992",
  shorttitle =   hdr # aaai # "92",
  publisher =    "AAAI Press",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzzaaai-93,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 11{\/$^{th}$} National Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Washington, {DC}, 11--15 Jul
                 1993",
  year =         "1993",
  key =          "AAAI",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 11{\/$^{th}$} National Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Washington, DC, 11--15 Jul
                 1993",
  shorttitle =   hdr # aaai # "93",
  publisher =    "AAAI Press/MIT Press",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzzaaai-94,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 12{\/$^{th}$} National Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Seattle, {WA}, 1--4 Aug 1994",
  year =         "1994",
  key =          "AAAI",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 12{\/$^{th}$} National Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Seattle, WA, 1--4 Aug 1994",
  shorttitle =   hdr # aaai # "94",
  publisher =    "AAAI Press/MIT Press",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-80,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 18{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics and
                 Parasession on Topics in Interactive Discourse.
                 Philadelphia, {PA}, 19--22 Jun 1980",
  year =         "1980",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 18{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics and
                 Parasession on Topics in Interactive Discourse.
                 Philadelphia, PA, 19--22 Jun 1980",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "80",
  key =          "ACL",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-81,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 19{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Stanford,
                 {CA}, June 1981",
  year =         "1981",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 19{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Stanford,
                 CA, June 1981",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "81",
  key =          "ACL",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-82,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 20{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Toronto,
                 {ON}, 16--18 Jun 1982",
  year =         "1982",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 20{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Toronto, ON,
                 16--18 Jun 1982",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "82",
  key =          "ACL",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-83,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 21{\/$^{st}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Cambridge,
                 {MA}, 15--17 Jun 1983",
  year =         "1983",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 21{\/$^{st}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Cambridge,
                 MA, 15--17 Jun 1983",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "83",
  key =          "ACL",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-85,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 23{\/$^{rd}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Chicago,
                 {IL}, 8--12 Jul 1985",
  year =         "1985",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 23{\/$^{rd}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Chicago, IL,
                 8--12 Jul 1985",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "85",
  key =          "ACL",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-86,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 24{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. New York,
                 {NY}, 10--13 June 1986",
  year =         "1986",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 24{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. New York,
                 NY, 10--13 June 1986",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "86",
  key =          "ACL",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-87,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 25{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Stanford,
                 {CA}, 6--9 Jul 1987",
  year =         "1987",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 25{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Stanford,
                 CA, 6--9 Jul 1987",
  key =          "ACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "87",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-88,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 28{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Buffalo,
                 {NY}, 7--10 Jun 1988",
  year =         "1988",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 28{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Buffalo, NY,
                 7--10 Jun 1988",
  key =          "ACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "88",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-89,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 27{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Vancouver,
                 {BC}, 1989",
  year =         "1989",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 27{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Vancouver,
                 BC, 1989",
  key =          "ACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "89",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-90,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 28{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Pittsburgh,
                 {PA}, 1990",
  year =         "1990",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 28{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Pittsburgh,
                 PA, 1990",
  key =          "ACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "90",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-91,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 29{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Berkeley,
                 {CA}, 18--21 Jun 1991",
  year =         "1991",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 29{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Berkeley,
                 CA, 18--21 Jun 1991",
  key =          "ACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "91",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-92,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 30{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Newark,
                 {DE}, 28 Jun -- 2 Jul 1992",
  year =         "1992",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 30{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Newark, DE,
                 28 Jun -- 2 Jul 1992",
  key =          "ACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "92",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-93,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 31{\/$^{st}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Columbus,
                 {OH}, 22--26 Jun 1993",
  year =         "1993",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 31{\/$^{st}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Columbus,
                 OH, 22--26 Jun 1993",
  key =          "ACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "93",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-94,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 32{\/$^{nd}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Las Cruces,
                 {NM}, 27--30 Jun 1994",
  year =         "1994",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 32{\/$^{nd}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Las Cruces,
                 NM, 27--30 Jun 1994",
  key =          "ACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "94",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-95,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 33{\/$^{rd}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Cambridge,
                 {MA}, 26--30 Jun 1995",
  year =         "1995",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 33{\/$^{rd}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Cambridge,
                 MA, 26--30 Jun 1995",
  key =          "ACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "95",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-96,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 34{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Santa Cruz,
                 {CA}, 23--28 Jun 1996",
  year =         "1996",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 34{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Santa Cruz,
                 CA, 23--28 Jun 1996",
  key =          "ACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "96",
}

@Proceedings{zzzacl-97,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 35{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics and the
                 8{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ of the European Chapter of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Madrid,
                 {ES}, 7--12 Jul 1997",
  year =         "1997",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 35{\/$^{th}$} Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics and the
                 8{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ of the European Chapter of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics. Madrid, ES,
                 7--12 Jul 1997",
  key =          "ACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # acl # "97",
}

@Proceedings{zzzanlp-88,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 1{\/$^{st}$} Conf.\ on Applied Natural
                 Language Processing. 1988",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 1{\/$^{st}$} Conf.\ on Applied Natural
                 Language Processing. 1988",
  year =         "1988",
  key =          "ANLP",
  shorttitle =   hdr # anlp # "94",
}

@Proceedings{zzzanlp-94,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 4{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ on Applied Natural
                 Language Processing. Stuttgart, {DE}, 13--15 Oct 1994",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 4{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ on Applied Natural
                 Language Processing. Stuttgart, DE, 13--15 Oct 1994",
  year =         "1994",
  key =          "ANLP",
  shorttitle =   hdr # anlp # "94",
}

@Proceedings{zzzbcs-84,
  title =        "Research and Development in Information Retrieval,
                 Proc.\ of the 3{\/$^{rd}$} joint {BCS} and {ACM}
                 symposium. Cambridge, {UK}, 2--6 Jul 1984",
  booktitle =    "Research and Development in Information Retrieval,
                 Proc.\ of the 3{\/$^{rd}$} joint {BCS} and {ACM}
                 symposium. Cambridge, UK, 2--6 Jul 1984",
  year =         "1984",
  editor =       "C. J. {\SortNoop{Rijsbergen}}van Rijsbergen",
  series =       "British Computer Society Workshop Series",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, UK",
  shorttitle =   "Research and Development in Information Retrieval",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@Proceedings{zzzcaia-88,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 4{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ on Artificial
                 Intelligence Applications. San Diego, {CA}, 14--18 Mar
                 1988",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 4{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ on Artificial
                 Intelligence Applications. San Diego, CA, 14--18 Mar
                 1988",
  year =         "1988",
  publisher =    "Computer Society Press of the IEEE",
  address =      "Washington, DC",
  shorttitle =   hdr # "4{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ on Artificial Intelligence
                 Applications",
  key =          "CAIA",
  archive =      "hahn",
}

@Proceedings{zzzclin5,
  title =        "Papers from the 5{\/$^{th}$} {CLIN} Meeting. Enschede,
                 {NL}, 23 Nov 1994",
  booktitle =    "Papers from the 5{\/$^{th}$} {CLIN} Meeting. Enschede,
                 NL, 23 Nov 1994",
  shorttitle =   "Papers from 5{\/$^{th}$} {CLIN}",
  key =          "CLIN",
  year =         "1994",
  editor =       "Toine Andernach and Mark Moll and Anton Nijholt",
  address =      "Twente",
  note =         "{\\}http://grid.let.rug.nl/\~{}vannoord/Clin/Clin5/clin5.html",
  archive =      "{Clin5}",
}

@Proceedings{zzzcogsci-88,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 10{\/$^{th}$} Annual Conf.\ of the
                 Cognitive Science Society. Montreal, {QC}, 17--19 Aug
                 1988",
  year =         "1988",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 10{\/$^{th}$} Annual Conf.\ of the
                 Cognitive Science Society. Montreal, QC, 17--19 Aug
                 1988",
  key =          "CogSci",
  shorttitle =   hdr # cogsci # "88",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzzcogsci-91,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 13{\/$^{th}$} Annual Conf.\ of the
                 Cognitive Science Society",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 13{\/$^{th}$} Annual Conf.\ of the
                 Cognitive Science Society",
  year =         "1991",
  key =          "CogSci",
  shorttitle =   hdr # cogsci # "91",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzzcogsci-92,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 14{\/$^{th}$} Annual Conf.\ of the
                 Cognitive Science Society. Bloomington, {IN}, Jul--Aug
                 1992",
  year =         "1992",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 14{\/$^{th}$} Annual Conf.\ of the
                 Cognitive Science Society. Bloomington, IN, Jul--Aug
                 1992",
  key =          "CogSci",
  shorttitle =   hdr # cogsci # "92",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzzcogsci-93,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 15{\/$^{th}$} Annual Conf.\ of the
                 Cognitive Science Society. Boulder, {CO}, 18--21 Jun
                 1993",
  year =         "1993",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 14{\/$^{th}$} Annual Conf.\ of the
                 Cognitive Science Society. Boulder, CO, 18--21 Jun
                 1993",
  key =          "CogSci",
  shorttitle =   hdr # cogsci # "93",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzzcogsci-94,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 16{\/$^{th}$} Annual Conf.\ of the
                 Cognitive Science Society",
  year =         "1994",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 16{\/$^{th}$} Annual Conf.\ of the
                 Cognitive Science Society",
  key =          "CogSci",
  shorttitle =   hdr # cogsci # "94",
  publisher =    "L. Erlbaum",
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzzcogsci-95,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 17{\/$^{th}$} Annual Conf.\ of the
                 Cognitive Science Society. Pittsburgh, {PA}, 22--25 Jun
                 1995",
  year =         "1995",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 14{\/$^{th}$} Annual Conf.\ of the
                 Cognitive Science Society. Pittsburgh, PA, 22--25 Jun
                 1995",
  key =          "CogSci",
  shorttitle =   hdr # cogsci # "95",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzzcoling-84,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 10{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on
                 Computational Linguistics \& 22{\/$^{nd}$} Annual
                 Meeting of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics. Stanford, {CA}, 2--6 Jul 1984",
  year =         "1984",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 10{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on
                 Computational Linguistics \& 22{\/$^{nd}$} Annual
                 Meeting of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics. Stanford, CA, 2--6 Jul 1984",
  key =          "COLING",
  shorttitle =   hdr # coling # "84",
}

@Proceedings{zzzcoling-86,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 11{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on
                 Computational Linguistics. Bonn, {DE}, 25--29 Aug
                 1986",
  year =         "1986",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 11{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on
                 Computational Linguistics. Bonn, DE, 25--29 Aug 1986",
  key =          "COLING",
  shorttitle =   hdr # coling # "86",
  publisher =    "Inst.\ f.\ angewandte Kummunikations- und
                 Sprachforschung (IKS)",
  address =      "Bonn, DE",
  archive =      "DS",
}

@Proceedings{zzzcoling-88,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 12{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on
                 Computational Linguistics. Budapest, {HU}, 22--27 Aug
                 1988",
  year =         "1988",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 12{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on
                 Computational Linguistics. Budapest, HU, 22--27 Aug
                 1988",
  key =          "COLING",
  shorttitle =   hdr # coling # "88",
}

@Proceedings{zzzcoling-90,
  title =        "Papers Presented at the 13{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on
                 Computational Linguistics on the Occasion of the
                 25{\/$^{th}$} Anniversary of {COLING} and the
                 350{\/$^{th}$} Anniversary of Helsinki University.
                 Helsinki, {FI}, 20--25 Aug 1990",
  year =         "1990",
  booktitle =    "Papers Presented at the 13{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on
                 Computational Linguistics on the Occasion of the
                 25{\/$^{th}$} Anniversary of COLING and the
                 350{\/$^{th}$} Anniversary of Helsinki University.
                 Helsinki, FI, 20--25 Aug 1990",
  key =          "COLING",
  shorttitle =   hdr # coling # "90",
}

@Proceedings{zzzcoling-92,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 15{\/$^{th}$} (14{\/$^{th}$}) Int.\
                 Conf.\ on Computational Linguistics. Nantes, {FR},
                 23--28 Aug 1992",
  year =         "1992",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 15{\/$^{th}$} (14{\/$^{th}$}) Int.\
                 Conf.\ on Computational Linguistics. Nantes, FR, 23--28
                 Aug 1992",
  key =          "COLING",
  shorttitle =   hdr # coling # "92",
}

@Proceedings{zzzcoling-94,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 15{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on
                 Computational Linguistics. Kyoto, {JP}, 5--9 Aug 1994",
  year =         "1994",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 15{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on
                 Computational Linguistics. Kyoto, JP, 5--9 Aug 1994",
  key =          "COLING",
  shorttitle =   hdr # coling # "94",
}

@Proceedings{zzzcoling-96,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 16{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on
                 Computational Linguistics. Copenhagen, {DK}, 5--9 Aug
                 1996",
  year =         "1996",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 16{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Conf.\ on
                 Computational Linguistics. Copenhagen, DK, 5--9 Aug
                 1996",
  key =          "COLING",
  shorttitle =   hdr # coling # "96",
}

@Proceedings{zzzeacl-85,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 2{\/$^{nd}$} Conf.\ of the European
                 Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics. Geneva, {CH}, 27--29 Mar 1985",
  year =         "1985",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 2{\/$^{nd}$} Conf.\ of the European
                 Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics. Geneva, CH, 27--29 Mar 1985",
  key =          "EACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # eacl # "85",
}

@Proceedings{zzzeacl-87,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 3{\/$^{rd}$} Conf.\ of the European
                 Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics. Copenhagen, {DK}, 1--3 Apr 1987",
  year =         "1987",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 3{\/$^{rd}$} Conf.\ of the European
                 Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics. Copenhagen, DK, 1--3 Apr 1987",
  key =          "EACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # eacl # "87",
}

@Proceedings{zzzeacl-89,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 4{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ of the European
                 Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics. Manchester, {UK}, 10--12 Apr 1989",
  year =         "1989",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 4{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ of the European
                 Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics. Manchester, UK, 10--12 Apr 1989",
  key =          "EACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # eacl # "89",
}

@Proceedings{zzzeacl-91,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 5{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ of the European
                 Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics. Berlin, {DE}, 9--11 Apr 1991",
  year =         "1991",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 5{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ of the European
                 Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics. Berlin, DE, 9--11 Apr 1991",
  key =          "EACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # eacl # "91",
}

@Proceedings{zzzeacl-93,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 6{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ of the European
                 Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics. Utrecht, {NL}, 21--23 Apr 1993",
  year =         "1993",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 6{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ of the European
                 Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics. Utrecht, NL, 21--23 Apr 1993",
  key =          "EACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # eacl # "93",
}

@Proceedings{zzzeacl-95,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 7{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ of the European
                 Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics. Dublin, {IE}, 27--31 Mar 1995",
  year =         "1995",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 7{\/$^{th}$} Conf.\ of the European
                 Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics. Dublin, IE, 27--31 Mar 1995",
  key =          "EACL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # eacl # "95",
}

@Proceedings{zzzecai-84,
  title =        "Advances in Artificial Intelligence. 6{\/$^{th}$}
                 European Conf.\ on Artificial Intelligence. Pisa, {IT},
                 5--7 Sep 1984",
  year =         "1985",
  booktitle =    "Advances in Artificial Intelligence. 6{\/$^{th}$}
                 European Conf.\ on Artificial Intelligence. Pisa, IT,
                 5--7 Sep 1984",
  shorttitle =   "Advances in Artificial Intelligence",
  key =          "ECAI",
  editor =       "T. O{'}Shea",
  publisher =    "North-Holland",
  address =      "Amsterdam, NL",
  shorttitle =   hdr # ecai # "84",
}

@Proceedings{zzzecai-86,
  title =        "Advances in Artificial Intelligence - {II}. Proc.\ of
                 the 7{\/$^{th}$} European Conf.\ on Artificial
                 Intelligence. Brighton, {UK}, 1986",
  year =         "1986",
  booktitle =    "Advances in Artificial Intelligence - II. Proc.\ of
                 the 7{\/$^{th}$} European Conf.\ on Artificial
                 Intelligence. Brighton, UK, 1986",
  key =          "ECAI",
  shorttitle =   hdr # ecai # "86",
}

@Proceedings{zzzecai-94,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 11{\/$^{th}$} European Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Amsterdam, {NL}, 8--12 Aug
                 1994",
  year =         "1994",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 11{\/$^{th}$} European Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Amsterdam, NL, 8--12 Aug
                 1994",
  key =          "ECAI",
  shorttitle =   hdr # ecai # "94",
  editor =       "A. Cohn",
  publisher =    "J. Wiley",
  address =      "Chichester, UK",
}

@Proceedings{zzzecai-96,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 12{\/$^{th}$} European Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Budapest, {HU}, 12--16 Aug
                 1996",
  year =         "1996",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 12{\/$^{th}$} European Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Budapest, HU, 12--16 Aug
                 1996",
  key =          "ECAI",
  shorttitle =   hdr # ecai # "96",
  editor =       "W. Wahlster",
  publisher =    "J. Wiley",
  address =      "Chichester, UK",
}

@Proceedings{zzzecoop-89,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the European Workshop on Object-Based
                 Concurrent Computing. Nottingham, {UK}, 10--14 Jul
                 1989",
  year =         "1989",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the European Workshop on Object-Based
                 Concurrent Computing. Nottingham, UK, 10--14 Jul 1989",
  key =          "ECOOP",
  shorttitle =   hdr # ecoop # "89",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
}

@Proceedings{zzzflairs-96,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 9{\/$^{th}$} Florida Artificial
                 Intelligence Research Symposium. Key West, {FL}, 20--22
                 May 1996",
  year =         "1996",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 9{\/$^{th}$} Florida Artificial
                 Intelligence Research Symposium. Key West, FL, 20--22
                 May 1996",
  key =          "FLAIRS",
  shorttitle =   hdr # flairs # "96",
}

@Proceedings{zzzijcai-77,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 5{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Cambridge, {MA}, 22--25 Aug
                 1977",
  year =         "1977",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 5{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Cambridge, MA, 22--25 Aug
                 1977",
  key =          "IJCAI",
  shorttitle =   hdr # ijcai # "77",
}

@Proceedings{zzzijcai-81,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 7{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Vancouver, {BC}, 24--28 Aug
                 1981",
  year =         "1981",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 7{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Vancouver, BC, 24--28 Aug
                 1981",
  publisher =    "M. Kaufmann",
  address =      "Los Altos, CA",
  key =          "IJCAI",
  shorttitle =   hdr # ijcai # "81",
}

@Proceedings{zzzijcai-83,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 8{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Karlsruhe, {DE}, 8--12 Aug
                 1983",
  year =         "1983",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 8{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Karlsruhe, DE, 8--12 Aug
                 1983",
  key =          "IJCAI",
  publisher =    "Kaufmann",
  address =      "Los Altos, CA",
  shorttitle =   hdr # ijcai # "83",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzzijcai-85,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 9{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Los Angeles, {CA}, 18--23 Aug
                 1985",
  year =         "1985",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 9{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Los Angeles, CA, 18--23 Aug
                 1985",
  key =          "IJCAI",
  shorttitle =   hdr # ijcai # "85",
  publisher =    "M. Kaufmann",
  address =      "Los Altos, CA",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzzijcai-87,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 10{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Milan, {IT}, 23--28 Aug 1987",
  year =         "1987",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 10{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Milan, IT, 23--28 Aug 1987",
  key =          "IJCAI",
  shorttitle =   hdr # ijcai # "87",
  publisher =    "M. Kaufmann",
  address =      "Los Altos, CA",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzzijcai-89,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 11{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. 1989",
  year =         "1989",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 11{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. 1989",
  key =          "IJCAI",
  shorttitle =   hdr # ijcai # "89",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzzijcai-91,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 12{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Sydney, {AU}, 24--30 Aug
                 1991",
  year =         "1991",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 12{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Sydney, AU, 24--30 Aug 1991",
  key =          "IJCAI",
  editor =       "J. Mylopoulos and R. Reiter",
  publisher =    "M. Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo, CA",
  shorttitle =   hdr # ijcai # "91",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzzijcai-95,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 14{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Montr{\'e}al, {QC}, 1995",
  year =         "1995",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 14{\/$^{th}$} Int.\ Joint Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Montr{\'e}al, QC, 1995",
  key =          "IJCAI",
  shorttitle =   hdr # ijcai # "95",
  archive =      "IIG",
}

@Proceedings{zzziwpt-89,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 1{\/$^{st}$} Int.\ Workshop on Parsing
                 Technology. Pittsburgh, {PA}, 28--31 Aug 1989",
  year =         "1989",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 1{\/$^{st}$} Int.\ Workshop on Parsing
                 Technology. Pittsburgh, PA, 28--31 Aug 1989",
  publisher =    "Carnegie Mellon University",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA",
  key =          "IWPT",
  shorttitle =   hdr # iwpt # "89",
}

@Proceedings{zzziwpt-91,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 2{\/$^{nd}$} Int.\ Workshop on Parsing
                 Technology. Cancun, {MX}, 13--15 Feb 1991",
  year =         "1991",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 2{\/$^{nd}$} Int.\ Workshop on Parsing
                 Technology. Cancun, MX, 13--15 Feb 1991",
  key =          "IWPT",
  shorttitle =   hdr # iwpt # "91",
}

@Proceedings{zzziwpt-93,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 3{\/$^{rd}$} Int.\ Workshop on Parsing
                 Technology. Tilburg, {NL} {\&} Durbuy, {BE}, 1993",
  year =         "1993",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 3{\/$^{rd}$} Int.\ Workshop on Parsing
                 Technology. Tilburg, NL {\&} Durbuy, BE, 1993",
  key =          "IWPT",
  shorttitle =   hdr # iwpt # "93",
}

@Proceedings{zzziwpt-95,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 4{\/$^{rd}$} Int.\ Workshop on Parsing
                 Technology. Prague/Karlsbad, {CZ}, 20--23 Sep 1995",
  year =         "1995",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 4{\/$^{rd}$} Int.\ Workshop on Parsing
                 Technology. Prague/Karlsbad, CZ, 20--23 Sep 1995",
  key =          "IWPT",
  shorttitle =   hdr # iwpt # "95",
}

@InProceedings{zzzki-95,
  title =        "{KI}-95: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. Proc.\
                 of the 19{\/$^{th}$} Annual German Conf.\ on Artificial
                 Intelligence. Bielefeld, {DE}, 11--13 Sep 1995",
  editor =       "I. Wachsmuth and C.-R. Rollinger and W. Brauer",
  booktitle =    "KI-95: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. Proc.\ of
                 the 19{\/$^{th}$} Annual German Conf.\ on Artificial
                 Intelligence. Bielefeld, DE, 11--13 Sep 1995",
  year =         "1995",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  address =      "Berlin, DE",
  shorttitle =   hdr # "KI-95",
}

@InProceedings{zzzki-96,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 20{\/$^{th}$} Annual German Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Dresden, {DE}, 17--19 Sep
                 1996",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 20{\/$^{th}$} Annual German Conf.\ on
                 Artificial Intelligence. Dresden, DE, 17--19 Sep 1996",
  year =         "1996",
  key =          "KI",
  shorttitle =   hdr # "KI-96",
}

@TechReport{zzzkonvens-96pp,
  editor =       "Stephan Mehl and Andreas Mertens and Marion Schulz",
  title =        "Pr{\"a}positionalsemantik und {PP}-Anbindung",
  booktitle =    "Pr{\"a}positionalsemantik und PP-Anbindung",
  institution =  "Gerhard-Mercator-Universit{\"a}t-GH, Inst.\ f.\
                 Informatik",
  year =         "1996",
  key =          "Konvens",
  type =         "Schriftenreihe Informatik",
  number =       "SI-16",
  address =      "Duisburg, DE",
  note =         "Papers presented at the KONVENS-Workshop",
  archive =      "pn",
}

@Proceedings{zzznels-86,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 16{\/$^{th}$} Meeting of the North
                 Eastern Linguistic Society",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 16{\/$^{th}$} Meeting of the North
                 Eastern Linguistic Society",
  shorttitle =   hdr # "NELS 16",
  year =         "1986",
  key =          "NELS",
  comment =      "Graduate Linguistic Students' Association, University
                 of Massachusetts",
  address =      "Amherst, MA",
}

@Proceedings{zzznemlap-94,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the Int.\ Conf.\ on New Methods in Language
                 Processing. Manchester, {UK}, 14--16 Sep 1994",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the Int.\ Conf.\ on New Methods in Language
                 Processing. Manchester, UK, 14--16 Sep 1994",
  year =         "1996",
  editor =       "Daniel B. Jones and Harold L. Somers",
  key =          "NeMLaP",
  publisher =    "UCL Press",
  address =      "London, UK",
  shorttitle =   hdr # nemlap # "94",
}

@Proceedings{zzznemlap-96,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the Int.\ Conf.\ on New Methods in Language
                 Processing. Ankara, {TR}, 16--18 Sep 1996",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the Int.\ Conf.\ on New Methods in Language
                 Processing. Ankara, TR, 16--18 Sep 1996",
  year =         "1996",
  key =          "NeMLaP",
  publisher =    "Bilkent University",
  address =      "Ankara, TR",
  shorttitle =   hdr # nemlap # "96",
}

@Proceedings{zzzoopsla-86,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 1{\/$^{st}$} Annual {ACM} Conf.\ on
                 Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and
                 Applications. Portland, {OR}, 29 Sep -- 2 Oct 1986",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 1{\/$^{st}$} Annual ACM Conf.\ on
                 Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and
                 Applications. Portland, OR, 29 Sep -- 2 Oct 1986",
  year =         "1986",
  key =          "OOPSLA",
  editor =       "N. Meyrowitz",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "11",
  series =       "Spezial Issue of SIGPLAN Notices",
  shorttitle =   hdr # oopsla # "86",
}

@Proceedings{zzzoopsla-87,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 2{\/$^{nd}$} Annual {ACM} Conf.\ on
                 Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and
                 Applications. Orlando, {FL}, 4--8 Oct 1987",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 2{\/$^{nd}$} Annual ACM Conf.\ on
                 Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and
                 Applications. Orlando, FL, 4--8 Oct 1987",
  year =         "1987",
  key =          "OOPSLA",
  editor =       "N. Meyrowitz",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "12",
  series =       "Spezial Issue of SIGPLAN Notices",
  shorttitle =   hdr # oopsla # "87",
}

@Proceedings{zzztag-92,
  title =        "1{\/$^{st}$} Int.\ Workshop on Tree Adjoining
                 Grammars. 1992",
  booktitle =    "1{\/$^{st}$} Int.\ Workshop on Tree Adjoining
                 Grammars. 1992",
  year =         "1992",
  key =          "TAG+",
  shorttitle =   hdr # tag,
}

@Proceedings{zzztag-94,
  title =        "3{\/$^{e}$} Colloque International sur les Grammaires
                 d'Arbres Adjoints ({TAG}+3). Paris, {FR}, Sep 1994",
  booktitle =    "3{\/$^{e}$} Colloque International sur les Grammaires
                 d'Arbres Adjoints (TAG+3). Paris, FR, Sep 1994",
  publisher =    "Universit{\'e} Paris 7",
  address =      "Paris, FR",
  year =         "1994",
  key =          "TAG+",
  shorttitle =   hdr # tag # "3",
  archive =      "{online
                 proc.}",
}

@Proceedings{zzztwlt-94,
  title =        "Proc.\ of the 8{\/$^{th}$} Twente Workshop on Language
                 Technology. Enschede, {NL}, 1--2 Dec 1994",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ of the 8{\/$^{th}$} Twente Workshop on Language
                 Technology. Enschede, NL, 1--2 Dec 1994",
  year =         "1994",
  key =          "TWLT",
  shorttitle =   hdr # twlt # "8",
}

@Misc{zzzzzzzzzz_this_is_a_dummy,
  author =       "Nobody",
  year =         "1996",
}




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