%% This is LaTeX document style option `examples.sty', for making
%% numbered examples.
%%
%% Written by Alexander Holt, Centre for Cognitive Science, University
%% of Edinburgh <lex@cogsci.ed.ac.uk>.
%%
%% $Id: examples.sty,v 1.12 1994/01/19 15:59:55 lex Exp $

\def\fileversion{1.12}
\def\filedate{19 January 1994}

\typeout{Style Option `examples'
  version \fileversion\space <\filedate> (AGBH)}

%%======================================================================
%%
%% This document style option defines the environment "examples",
%% intended for the display of linguistic examples.  Examples resemble
%% equations with the document style options "leqno" (left hand equation
%% numbering) and "fleqn" (flush-left equations) in force.  The
%% "examples" environment can be nested two or three deep, to create
%% subexamples and subsubexamples respectively.  Subexamples are
%% displayed as lists numbered by arabic letters, subsubexamples with
%% roman letters.
%%
%% The main difference is that examples are made with the standard
%% displayed paragraph environment "list", whereas equations use
%% displaymath mode.  A further difference is in the vertical
%% positioning of the number: example numbers come at the top of the
%% display, equation numbers in the centre.  By default, examples and
%% equations share the same numbering sequence.  Example numbers always
%% appear on the left; this style option forces equation numbers to
%% appear on the left too, for consistency, by automatically selecting
%% the leqno option.  Whether equations themselves are centred or
%% left-aligned, however, is at the discretion of the user.  They are
%% centred by default in LaTeX.  The fleqn option makes them
%% left-aligned; if this option is used, it should ideally precede
%% "examples" on the options list, to ensure that equations and
%% examples have the same indentation.
%% 
%% The "examples" environment is used like this (note that \label and
%% \ref work as might be expected):
%% 
%%     Consider now the following data, in particular
%%     (\ref{ex:johnmary}):
%%     \begin{examples}
%%     \item					   \label{ex:johnmary}
%%       \begin{examples}
%%       \item John loves Mary.
%%       \item Mary loves John.
%%       \item \sqz{*} loves John Mary.		   \label{ex:jmbad}
%%       \end{examples}
%%     \item
%%      ...
%%     \end{examples}
%% 
%% It is also possible to use \label and \ref to refer to subexample
%% numbering.  When \label is used within a nested examples environment
%% it will record the letter corresponding to the current (sub)subexample.
%% So given the example above, one may refer to
%%
%%     \ref{ex:johnmary}\ref{ex:jmbad}
%%
%% in order to get something like "34c".  If you prefer brackets round
%% the subexample letter, just do
%%
%%     \ref{ex:johnmary}(\ref{ex:jmbad})
%%
%% to get "34(c)".  Similarly for subsubexamples.
%% 
%% In the above, the command \sqz{*} has the effect of `squeezing' an
%% asterisk in front of the sentence "loves John Mary".  Users might
%% find it worthwhile to define their own commands which call \sqz, for
%% example,
%%
%%     \newcommand{\bad}{\sqz{*}}
%%
%% which has the advantage of localizing the choice of letter.
%%
%% Collections of subexamples and subsubexamples will not be split
%% over page breaks (except possibly between the paragraphs of a item
%% containing multiple paragraphs).  If you don't want this behaviour,
%% the environment "examples*" allows page breaks anywhere, but is
%% otherwise identical to the unstarred version.
%%
%% A couple of remarks on vertical space: first, if you wish to display
%% more than one example consecutively, you should use a single examples
%% environment to do so; using a sequence of one-item examples
%% environments will result in too much space between them.  Second,
%% there should not be a blank line before an "example" environment, as
%% this indicates to LaTeX the start of a paragraph, and it will add
%% extra vertical space.  Similarly, there should be no blank line after
%% the environment either, unless you actually intend to start a new
%% paragraph at that point.  This comment applies to any LaTeX
%% environment.  Recall that you can use lines starting with the "%"
%% character to space out your input file harmlessly.
%% 
%% There is provision for arbitrary numbering of examples at all levels.
%% the numbers being provided by the user.  This is typically used for
%% repeating earlier examples with the same number.  You do this by
%% giving the \item command an argument, in square brackets, consisting
%% of the required number.  (In the case of (sub)subexamples this will
%% normally be a letter, of course -- though there is nothing to stop
%% you using any symbol you like at any level.)  For example:
%% 
%%     \begin{examples}
%%     \item[\ref{ex:johnmary}]
%%       \begin{examples}
%%       \item[\ref{ex:jmbad}] \sqz{*} loves John Mary.
%%       \end{examples}
%%     ...
%%     \item[XV]
%%       \begin{examples}
%%       \item[i] Roman numbering, provided by the user.
%%       \item[iii] I've chosen to leave out (ii).
%%       \end{examples}
%%     \end{examples}
%% 
%% If an `empty' number is specified, with "[]", then the numbering
%% position will be left completely blank.
%%
%% One cautionary note: sometimes one may have an example which uses
%% square brackets in the example text itself (for example, to indicate
%% constituent structure).  In these cases one must follow the \item
%% command with something before the first "[" to avoid part of the
%% example being taken as a user-supplied number.  A good thing to use
%% is "{}":
%% 
%%     \begin{examples}
%%     \item{} [Mary] [loves John].
%%     \end{examples}
%% 
%% There are a number of parameters which the user can modify in his or
%% her LaTeX document in order to change the appearance of examples.
%% The commands \theexample, \thesubexample and \thesubsubexample do the
%% actual numbering (or lettering), and may be redefined if desired.
%% Note, however, that if \theexample is not defined to be \theequation
%% (as it is by default), then it will be necessary to define a new
%% counter for examples, which will then be quite independent of the
%% equation counter.  Hence it will usually be preferable to redefine
%% \theequation instead, so as to keep equation and example numbering in
%% sync.  The other parameter which the user may like to change is
%% \exampleindent, which determines the inital indent of example text.
%% By default, it is set to 5/3 of the value of \leftmargini.  If
%% \exampleindent is changed and the document style option fleqn is in
%% effect, it may be desired to change \mathindent to the same new
%% value.
%%
%% Finally, there are two ancilliary commands for use with the examples
%% environment -- \attop and \atcenter.  They can be used to change the
%% positioning of the example number when something other than ordinary
%% text -- for example, a picture of some kind -- is the example
%% material.  With most included pictures, the example number will by
%% default be aligned with the bottom of the picture.  If you wish the
%% number to be aligned (vertically) with the centre of the picture you
%% can do something like this:
%%
%%     \begin{ex}
%%       \atcenter{\input{mypicture}}
%%     \end{ex}
%%
%% Similarly for \attop.
%%
%% Deprecated, but present for backwards compatibility with earlier
%% versions, are the following environments: ex, subex, subex*,
%% subexamples, subexamples*, subsubexamples, subsubexamples*.
%%
%%======================================================================


% Get leqno.sty, so that equation numbers are on the left too
% JK, 30/05/00 changed to leqno.clo

\input leqno.clo

% Make \exampleindent a new dimen, equal to 5/3 of \leftmargini

\newdimen\exampleindent
\exampleindent=5\leftmargini
\divide\exampleindent by 3

% If \mathindent is defined (whence `fleqn' preceded us on the options
% list) set it to \exampleindent

\@ifundefined{mathindent}{}{%
  \mathindent=\exampleindent
}

% We need a depth counter

\newcount\@exdepth
\@exdepth=0

% The examples and examples* environments, numbered lists

\def\theexample{\theequation}		% so we use the existing counter

\def\examples{%
  \ifcase \@exdepth \@examples
  \or               \@subexamples \samepage
  \or               \@subsubexamples \samepage
  \else \@toodeep
  \fi
  \global\advance\@exdepth\@ne\relax
}

\@namedef{examples*}{%
  \ifcase \@exdepth \@examples
  \or               \@subexamples
  \or               \@subsubexamples
  \else \@toodeep
  \fi
  \global\advance\@exdepth\@ne\relax
}

\def\endexamples{%
  \global\advance\@exdepth\m@ne
  \endlist
}

\@namedef{endexamples*}{%
  \global\advance\@exdepth\m@ne
  \endlist
}

\def\@examples{%
  \list{]}{%
    \leftmargin=\exampleindent
    \labelwidth=\exampleindent
    \advance\labelwidth -\labelsep
    \def\@listctr{equation}%		% can't use \usecounter
    \@nmbrlisttrue			% as that initialises to zero
    \let\makelabel=\@mkexlabel
  }%
}

\def\@mkexlabel#1{%
  \if\@itemlabel#1(\theexample)%
  \else \def\@tempa{#1}\ifx \@tempa\@empty {}%
    \else (#1)%
    \fi \fi \hfil
}

% The subexamples environment, another list

\newcounter{subexample}			% counter for subexamples

\def\thesubexample{\alph{subexample}}	% make them letters not numbers

\def\@subexamples{%
  \list{]}{%
    \usecounter{subexample}%
    \let\makelabel=\@mksubexlabel
}}

\def\@mksubexlabel#1{%
  \if\@itemlabel#1\thesubexample.%
  \else \def\@tempa{#1}\ifx \@tempa\@empty {}%
    \else #1.%
    \fi \fi \hfil
}

% subsubexamples

\newcounter{subsubexample}

\def\thesubsubexample{\roman{subsubexample}}

\def\@subsubexamples{%
  \list{]}{%
    \usecounter{subsubexample}%
    \let\makelabel=\@mksubsubexlabel
}}

\def\@mksubsubexlabel#1{%
  \if\@itemlabel#1\thesubsubexample.%
  \else \def\@tempa{#1}\ifx \@tempa\@empty {}%
    \else #1.%
    \fi \fi \hfil
}

% \sqz, for squeezing in grammaticality judgements

\def\sqz#1{\leavevmode \llap{#1\kern 0.1 em}\ignorespaces}

% The number positioning commands

\def\attop#1{%
  \leavevmode
  \vtop{\vbox to \baselineskip{}\kern -\baselineskip \hbox{#1}}%
}

\def\atcenter#1{$\vcenter{\hbox{#1}}$}

% The ex and subex environments, for less typing (but not really
% recommended -- in particular, "ex" clashes with various other
% packages...)

\def\ex{\examples \item{}}
\def\endex{\endexamples}

\def\subex{\examples \item \begingroup \examples}
\def\endsubex{\endexamples \endgroup \endexamples}

\@namedef{subex*}{\examples \item \begingroup \@nameuse{examples*}}
\@namedef{endsubex*}{\@nameuse{endexamples*} \endgroup \endexamples}

% The old subexamples, etc., environments (now deprecated)

\let\subexamples=\examples
\let\endsubexamples=\endexamples
\let\subsubexamples=\examples
\let\endsubsubexamples=\endexamples

\def\@namelet#1=#2{%
  \def\@tempa{\expandafter\let\csname #1\endcsname=}%
  \expandafter\@tempa\csname #2\endcsname}

\@namelet{subexamples*}={examples*}
\@namelet{endsubexamples*}={endexamples*}
\@namelet{subsubexamples*}={examples*}
\@namelet{endsubsubexamples*}={endexamples*}